Lesson 3 - Introduction to Globalization

• GLOBALIZATION (Steger, 2018)

  -The process of expansion and intensification of

  social relations and consciousness across

  world-time and world-space.
• PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT OF

  GLOBALIZATION
• WHAT ARE THE PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBALIZATION

  Archaic Globalization, Proto-globalization, and Modern Globalization
• Andre Gunder Frank

  • He argued that a form of globalization has been in existence since the rise of trade links between Sumer and the Indus Valley Civilization in the third millennium.
• Thomas L. Friedman

  • He divides the history of globalization into three periods
• ARCHAIC GLOBALIZATION

  • Refers to globalizing events and developments from the time of the earliest civilizations until around 1800s.
• In archaic globalization, States began to interact and trade with others within close proximity as a way to acquire goods that were considered a luxury.
• This trade (in Archaic globalization) led to the spread of ideas such as religion, economic structures and political ideals.
• In archaic globalization, merchants became connected and aware of others

  in ways that had not been apparent.
• In Archaic globalization, It not only allowed the spread

  of goods and commodities too the regions, but it also allowed people to experience other cultures.
• The universalizing of kingship led soldiers and monarchs far distances to find honor and prestige
• This expanded trade between distant lands, which consequently increased the amount of social and economic relations. (Under universalizing Kingship)
• Expansion of Religious Movements

  • Religious movements remain one of the greatest global movements of people.
• Pilipinas sa panahon ng “KRUS at ESPADA” - spanish used this strategy during the spaniard colonization.
• Medicinal Understanding

  • While the trading of spices, precious stones, animals, and weapons remained of major importance, people began to seek medicine from faraway lands.
• 3 principles of Archaic Globalization

  Universalizing Kingship, Expansion of Religious Movements, Medicinal Understanding
• Proto-globalization

  • A period following archaic globalization wherein increase in trade links and cultural exchanges occurred. Such paved the way for "modern globalization."
• -Proto-globalization distinguished itself from modern globalization on the basis of:

  1. Expansionism
  2. Higher level of information exchange.
• CHARACTERISTICS OF PROTO-GLOBALIZATION:

  1. Trade arrangements
  2. The rise of larger-scale conflicts between powerful nations
  3. The rise of new commodities—most particularly slave trade.
  4. The Triangular Trade made it possible for Europe to take advantage of resources within the Western Hemisphere.
  5. The transfer of plant and animal crops, as well as diseases.
• Example of trade arrangements in Proto-globalization

  East India Company
• MODERN GLOBALIZATION

  • The 19th century witnessed the advent of globalization approaching its modern form
• Modern Globalization

  • Globalization in this period was decisively shaped by nineteenth-century imperialism
• During the globalization of the modern globalization, it was decisively shaped by 19th century imperialism:

  1. Vast populations of regions in China and India are already consumers of European exports.
  2. Meanwhile, the conquest of new parts of the globe, notably sub-Saharan Africa, by Europeans yielded valuable natural resources
• During the Modern globalization, the conquest of new parts of the globe, notably sub-Saharan Africa, by Europeans yielded valuable natural resources such as

  rubber, diamonds and coal.
• First and Second Opium Wars

  – Qing Dynasty losing territorial sovereignty and economic

  power to Britain
• Glbalization have two parts
• GLOBALISM

  • The belief that we share one fragile planet whose survival requires mutual respect and

  careful treatment of all its people and its environment.
• Globalization is both creating massive problems (ozone depletion, climate instability, mass migration, etc.) and destroying our ability to cooperate across boundaries and borders to address these very problems. THEREFORE, LET’S EXPLOIT THE ENVIRONMENT.