Reading and Writing

• Creating idea list simply involves listing ideas about a particular topic. It also helps in finding the main idea and supporting details from the numerous ideas listed.
• Idea list is appropriate to textual people, or those who are more comfortable in processing words than visuals.
• Idea map is a visual representation of ideas and their connections with one another.
• Unlike idea list, idea map is more structured; thus it is able to show how one idea subordinates another idea.
• Graphic Organizers are visual representations of concepts that helps us structure information into organizational patterns.
• Venn Diagram is used to compare and contrast ideas and events.
• Network tree is used to represent hierarchy, classification, and branching. It is useful in showing relationships of scientific categories, family trees, and even lineages.
• Spider map (also known as Semantic map) is used to investigate and enumerate various aspects of central idea, wich could be a concept, topic, or theme.
• Th central idea is placed at the center of the map. The main idea is placed along its diagonal line, while details of the main idea are placed on the sides of the diagonals.
• Problem-solution map displays the nature of the problem and how it can be solved. This map usually contains the problem's description, its causes and effects, and logical solutions.
• Timeline is used to show how events occurred chronologically through a long bar labeled with dates and specific events.
• Timelines can be linear or comparative.
• A linear timeline shows how events happened within one period.
• Comparative timeline shows two sets of events that happened within the same period.
• Plot Diagram is a tool used to map events in a story. It is used to analyze the major parts of a plot.
• The major events to be placed in the plot Diagram are Exposition, Inciting moment, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, Resolution.
• Exposition is the initial part where the characters, settings, and relationships are established.
• Inciting moment is the part which brings about the change or the conflict.
• Rising action is the section wher the conflict and the characters are developed.
• Climax is the highest point of the story where the major events are confronted.
• Falling action is the events immediately following the climas which lead to the closure of the conflict.
• Resolution is the conclusion or closure of the story.
• Series of Events Chain is used to show the logical sequence of events. Not used to summarize story.
• Fishbone Map is used to better understand the casual relationship of a complex phenomenon. It shows the factors that cause a specific event or problem, as well as details of each cause.
• Cycle describes how a series of events interact to produce aa set of results repeatedly. Some examples are water cycle, metamorphosis, and poverty cycle.
• Persuasion map is used to ap out arguments and evidence that prove a viewpoint. Useful when processing persuasive or argumentative texts.
• Outline is a tool for organizing ideas. Used not only as pre-writing strategy but also as a post-reading activity.
• When preparing an outline, you can either use a decimal outline or an alphanumeric outline.
• A decimal outline only uses numbers as labels.
• Alphanumeric outline uses both letters and numbers as labels.
• The principle of division requires that no cluster should contain only one item.
• There are 4 principles that need to be followed in making an effective outline. These are coordination, subordinations, division, and parallel construction.
• The principle of coordination requires ideas of the same relevance to be labeled in the same way.
• The principle of subordination shows that minor details have to be placed under their respective major details.
• The principle of parallel construction requires all entries in each cluster to use the same structure and format.
• Kinds of outline according to structure are topic outline and sentence outline.
• Topic outline uses words and phrases as its entries.
• Generally, topic outline is used if the ideas being discussed can be arranged in a number of ways.
• Sentence outline uses a complete sentences as its entries.
• You use sentence outline when the topic being discussed is complicated and requires details.