Ethics (Midterms

• Therapeutic Privilege- legal exception to the rule of informed consent. Care without consent in cases of emergenc.
• Duty to disclose information- informed consent
• Therapeutic Privilege- legal exception to the rule of informed consent
• confidentiality- disclosed information in confidence
• Informational Privacy- underlies notion of confidentiality
• Autonomy- respect for patient’s self determination and theright to accept or reject recommendations hor health care if the patient has the ability to decide for their own care
• informed consent shall be obtained from a patient concerned if he is of legal age and of sound mind.
• Third Party consent:

  1. Spouse
  2. Son or daughter of legal age
  3. Either parent
  4. Brother or sister of legal age.
  5. Guardian
• Duty not to lie

  Example: not revealing a diagnosis or change in condition

  when asked
• Duty not to deceive:

  Example: the use of placebos (where the patient believes they are receiving a medication versus in a clinical trial where they are informed that they may receive the experimental medication or a placebo)
• Privacy:

  Loss of privacy occurs if others use several forms of access to a person inappropriately.
• Therapeutic privileges invoked when the healthcare team makes the decision to withhold information believed to be detrimental to the patient.
• Privileged communication is an interaction between two persons which is legally recognized as a private and protected relationship.
• Decisional privacy

  Decisional privacy is distinguished as control over the intimate decisions one makes
• Bodily privacy an ethical concept of bodily privacy can be derived from respect for autonomy, where autonomy includes the freedom to decide what happens to one's body.
• Virtue ethics- Character approach
• Teleological approach- consequence approach
• Categorical Imperative-"ALWAYS ACT IN SUCH A WAY THAT YOU COULD WILL THAT THE MAXIM OF YOUR ACT BECOME A UNIVERSAL LAW."
• Discernment

  The virtue of discernment is related to the classical concept of wisdom. Discernment rests on sensitive insight involving acute judgment and understanding, and it results in decisive action (Beauchamp & Childress, 2008). Discernment gives us insight into appropriate actions in given situations. It requires sensitivity and attention attuned to the demands of a particular context.
• Compassion

  Compassion is so important that many times the patient's need for a compassionate and caring presence outweighs the need for technical care. We must be careful, however, that compassion does not impede our ability to make objective decisions.
• Integrity is perhaps the cardinal virtue. Moral integrity, according to Beauchamp and Childress (2008), means soundness, reliability, wholeness, and an integration of moral character. It also refers to our continuing to follow moral norms over time. It is "the character trait of a coherent integration of reasonably stable, justifiable moral values, and active faithfulness to those values in judgment and action."
• Trustworthiness

  Trustworthiness is another focal virtue for nurses. Trust is a confident belief in the moral character of another person. Trust entails a confidence that another will act with the right motives consistent with moral norms (Beauchamp & Childress, 2008). Trustworthiness is measured by others' recognition of the nurse's consistency and predictability in following moral norms.
• Arete- excellence of character or virtue
• Virtue ethics- character approach
• Teleological approach- utilitarianism