Education

• Economic role


  <hint: Schools train you to get a job

  
  

  where schools meet the needs of the economy

  
  

  they also teach students the skills and experiences required by businesses in order to do so.
• Selective role


  <hint: the job of schools is to put students in the most suited

  
  

  students are put to the best jobs they're suited to.
• Socialisation role


  <hint: it's the job of schools to teach you norms and values

  
  

  students are taught the norms and values of our culture.
• Political role


  <hint: the schools job is to teach us how to be good citizens

  
  

  students are taught how to become effective citizens to create a sense of togetherness (social solidarity.)
• Social control role


  <hint: it's the job of schools to teach you to behave

  
  

  schools set up rules that control the school environment e.g. rewards and sanctions that encourage good behaviour and discourage bad behaviour.
• Formal curriculum


  <hint: Subjects you think you are learning

  
  

  academic/vocational subjects that are taught within a qualification. e.g. Maths GCSE, English Language A level, ICT Level 3 Diploma.
• Pre-1870


  <hint: no schools other than the ones you pay for

  
  

  At this time, the education system in Britain was not formally organised. Upper class parents would send their children to fee-paying private schools or are taught at home, whereas working class children go to work in the industry.
• 1870 Education Act


  <hint: Introduction of schools

  
  

  This legislation promised that every student in England gets a form of education. However, only the working class were able to get such education for free; the middle and upper classes still had to pay.
• 1944 Butler Education Act


  <hint: Start of tripartite system

  
  

  This legislation introduces the idea of selective education through the tripartite system, where children were given free education until the age of 14.

  
  

  Students were required to take a test at the age of 11 named the 11 plus, which was a test that determined where the student's next place of study will be depending on whether they passed the test or not.
• Grammar school


  <hint: Schools for 'clever kids' in the tripartite system

  
  

  An institution built for students that are academically able, taking O level qualifications that allow them to go to university.
• Secondary modern


  <hint: school for working class kids in the tripartite system

  
  

  An institution built for students that are less academically able, taking academic GCSEs, e.g. Maths and English, but more time was spent on vocational GCSEs e.g. Construction GCSE & Child Development GCSE.
• Technical colleges


  <hint: Colleges as part of the tripartite system teaching practical subjects

  
  

  An institution that specializes in scientific and practical subjects. Only 5% of these were ever built.
• 1965 Comprehensive Education Act


  <hint: Start of comprehensive schools

  
  

  This legislation introduced the idea of bringing potential students from their local catchment area to a school that was free and disregarded social class, financial and academic status. They were known as 'comprehensive schools.' (introduced by Labour)
• Comprehensive Schools


  <hint: Normal schools with the same education for everyone

  
  

  Schools that are free to enter without any entrance exams. These schools brought students within their local catchment area regardless of social class, financial status and academic status.
• 1988 Education Reform Act


  <hint: Start of marketisation and choice of schools

  
  

  This legislation brought marketisation to schools, meaning that schools compete for students by selling themselves e.g. how well students achieved, their attendance and punctuality.

  
  

  This legislation meant that parents needed a way to distinguish how schools were better from one another. To counteract this, the government introduced statistics from schools such as Ofsted, SATs results, League tables etc. (introduced by the Conservatives)
• Formula funding


  <hint: Every student has money from the government so more students more money

  
  

  This policy increased the amount of money schools would get for every student they attract to their school.
• Ofsted


  <hint: inspectors judging the quality of schools

  
  

  A non-profit organisation that examined schools' e.g. quality of teaching, safeguarding, and exam results, giving schools a grade between 1 to 4; 1 would rate Outstanding, where as 4 would rate Inadequate.
• SATs results


  <hint: end of primary school tests

  
  

  Schools used to have to show results of primary school students, but they've discontinued this.
• Vocational education


  <hint: teaches you how to do practical jobs

  
  

  A form of formal education that directly teaches the skills needed by the world of work e.g. IT Level 3 Diploma - how to build a PC, how to build a computer wire, how to computer program.
• Academic education


  <hint: Subjects you learn in school

  
  

  A form of formal education that teaches the theoretical aspects of a subject, covering a broader range of topics e.g. Sociology GCSE - education, family, crime, power, mass media.
• League tables


  <hint: rank of how well schools are doing

  
  

  Statistics that showed how a school performs compared to its local area and the national average.
• 1997 New Labour Act


  <hint: More money for poor areas and tutition fees start

  
  

  This legislation focused on tackling inequality in education across poor areas, while still maintaining marketisation and competitiveness across schools.

  
  

  This act introduced a wide range of policies in order to tackle this.

  
  

  However, this act introduced university tuition fees of up to £3,000.
• Value added league tables

  <hint: ranks how much better than expected students have done

  
  

  League tables that showed how well a school has improved from last year.
• Sponsored academies


  <hint: Academies that are being helped

  
  

  Academies that have poor exam results or teaching are improved by sponsors e.g. charities.
• Education Action Zones


  <hint: extra money for poor areas

  
  

  Areas that have poor education were improved by the government.
• Education Maintenance Allowance (Act)

  <hint: 6th form kids got £30 a week

  
  

  This legislation provided extra funding for lower class students.
• Sure start centres


  <hint: centres to help develop young children

  
  

  Institutions that provided advice for the wellbeing, safety and development for pre-school children.
• Beacon schools


  <hint: Good schools that show others how to do it

  
  

  Institutions that have high quality standards that are required by law to show their standards to lower quality schools.
• 2010


  <hint: Free schools are introduced

  
  

  At this year, these policies/institutions were introduced:

  
  

  - Free schools: Schools that are set up and approved by the government e.g. set up because there are no schools around the area. Teachers MUST have qualifications to prove that they are able to teach.

  
  

  - Universal Technical Colleges: Schools that specialise and teach a city's popular industry jobs e.g. medicine or industry.

  
  

  - Higher university tuition fees of up to £9,000 per year.
• Free schools


  <hint: Schools set up by parents

  
  

  Schools that are set up and approved by the government e.g. set up because there are no schools around the area. Teachers MUST have qualifications to prove that they are able to teach.
• Faith schools


  <hint: Religious schools

  
  

  Institutions that teach about religious norms and values e.g. of Christianity, in addition to teaching academic/vocational subjects.
• Gender role models


  <hint: Same sex people you look up to

  
  

  Role models that represent what a boy or a girl should be like.
• Ethnocentric curriculum


  <hint: Subjects focussed on Europe and the UK

  
  

  Education that is centralized within an ethnicity's curriculum. For example, in History, European history is often centralized on European culture.
• Instant gratification


  <hint: Rewards straight away like leaving school to get money

  
  

  Wanting fun and rewards instantly e.g. playing video games instantly after school.
• Deferred gratification


  <hint: putting off rewards (like not getting paid until you've left school)

  
  

  Sacrificing social life and entertainment for your own academic benefits, taking the time to study and learn from your school subjects.
• Fatalistic


  <hint: Going to fail anyway so why bother

  
  

  The verb that describes people that won't do anything about their school studies and leaves exam results to chance alone.
• Anti-school subculture


  <hint: gangs that don't like schools

  
  

  Groups of people that hate school and as such disrupt people's education through e.g. bullying or instant gratification.
• Pro-school subculture


  <hint: groups of students that love school

  
  

  Groups of people that love school and as such become well associated with teachers and do well in exams, deferring gratification.
• 78%


  <hint: high pass rate for Chinese at GCSE

  
  

  The amount of Chinese students who have 5A* - C at GCSE or more.
• Halo effect


  <hint: Teachers see some kids as perfect so they will do well

  
  

  An effect that is applied when being positively labeled, thus fulfilling a positive self-fulfilling prophecy