Early Elizabethan England, 1558-88

• What was the structure of Elizabethan society based on?

  Based on the Great Chain of Being
• What two titles might gentry in early Elizabethan England have held?

  • Knight
  • Esquire
• Which two groups was the early Elizabethan peasantry was made up of?

  • Yeomanry
  • Tenant farmers
• What was the Privy Council

  The 'government‘ of Elizabethan England; the 19 men responsible for the day-to-day running of the country, who acted as Elizabeth's main advisers
• What are the two Houses in Parliament called?

  • House of Lords
  • House of Commons
• What was the role of Justices of the Peace?

  Appointed to keep law and order in their county
• In what year did Elizabeth become queen?

  1558
• Who was Elizabeth's mother

  Anne Boleyn
• England was at war with France at the start of Elizabeth's reign
• Elizabeth inherited £300,000 in debt when she became queen.
• Who were the most important members of society below the Queen?

  • The nobility
• Elizabeth's three major personal problems when she came to the throne

  • Legitimacy
  • Gender
  • Marriage
• Most of England's debt was owed to the Antwerp Exchange
• When did Mary I place Elizabeth under house arrest?

  1554
• Which Church was established after Henry VIII's break with Rome?

  Church of England, which was Protestant
• How many sacraments do Catholics believe in?

  • Seven
• In which Churches would you expect to see Bibles written in English?

  Protestant churches
• What did Puritans want to happen to help 'purity' the Church?

  Puritans wanted to remove all remaining Catholic influences
• Acts that formed Elizabeth's religious settlement of 1559

  • Act of Supremacy
  • Act of Uniformity
• What title did the Act of Supremacy give Elizabeth?

  The Supreme Governor of the Church of England
• What was the Papal bull of 1570

  An official announcement from Pope Pius V, which excommunicated Elizabeth from the Catholic Church and called on all Catholics to remove her from power
• What were the two most powerful Catholic countries in Europe?

  • Spain
  • France
• List three things powerful Catholic countries did to support efforts to remove Elizabeth

  • Promised support for Catholic rebellions and plots against Elizabeth
  • Supported Catholic missionaries in England
  • Philip II of Spain launched a full-scale attempt to invade England with the Spanish Armada in 1588
• Who were the Jesuits

  A Catholic society created in France in 1540 as part of the Counter-Reformation, with the aim of bringing Catholicism back to all of Europe
• List the four key elements of Elizabeth's changes to the Church of England that Puritans were unhappy with

  • Hierarchy
  • Decoration in churches
  • Vestments
  • Music and the Book of Prayer in church services
• Mary, Queen of Scots…

  Father? James V of Scotland

  Religion? Catholic

  Claim to English throne? Next in line after Elizabeth

  Husbands? Francis of France, Lord Darnley, Earl of Bothwell
• What year was Mary forced to abdicate?

  1567
• After which battle did Mary flee from Scotland?

  The Battle of Langside
• What were the two main Threats Mary posed to Elizabeth?

  Mary was heir to the throne after Elizabeth; was Catholic; and powerful Catholic nobles in England might support her and threaten Elizabeth's rule
• What was supposedly found inside a silver casket in Mary’s belongings?

  Eight letters and twelve sonnets that showed Mary and the Earl of Bothwell had planned the murder of Lord Darnley
• Where and when was the hearing about the casket letters held?

  York, in 1568
• Elizabeth's options for dealing with Mary

  • Keep Mary imprisoned

  Allow Mary to go to France

  Help Mary regain the Scottish throne

  Allow Mary to be free in England

  Execute Mary
• Elizabeth's decision

  Imprisoned Mary in Sheffield Castle and Sheffield Manor Lodge until 1584
• When was Mary, Queen of Scots born?

  1542
• Who was Mary's secretary that was murdered?

  David Rizzio
• The option of Elizabeth allowing Mary to go to France would have appeased foreign Catholic countries
• In what year did the Northern Earls launch a rebellion against Elizabeth?

  1569
• Name the two rebel leaders of the Revolt of the Northern Earls

  The Earl of Westmorland and the Earl of Northumberland
• What did the northern rebels do in Durham Cathedral in November 1569?

  Took over the cathedral; destroyed copies of the Book of Common Prayer and Protestant communion table; held an illegal Catholic Mass
• In the aftermath of the revolt of the Northern Earls, Elizabeth had over 450 rebels executed.