3 - SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

• What is signal transduction?

  A process converting external stimuli into cellular response
• What factors can influence the response in signal transduction?

  • Change in gene expression
  • Alteration of metabolic enzyme activity
  • Reconfiguration of the cytoskeleton
  • Change in ion permeability
  • Activation of DNA synthesis
  • Cell death
• How many steps are there in signal transduction?

  Three steps
• What are the three steps of signal transduction?

  1. Reception
  2. Transduction
  3. Induction/response
• What occurs during the reception step of signal transduction?

  Perception of the environment by receptor molecules
• What is the role of receptor molecules in signal transduction?

  They are complementary to the signal molecule
• What happens during the transduction step of signal transduction?

  It converts receptor changes into cellular responses
• How does transduction affect the second messenger?

  It causes an increase in the second messenger
• What is the significance of converting a physical stimulus into a chemical form during transduction?

  It allows the signal to act within the cell
• What are the possible responses in signal transduction?

  • Activation of cellular responses
  • Rearrangement of the cytoskeleton
  • Activation of specific genes
  • Release of abscisic acid
• In which organisms does signal transduction occur?

  In animals