Science (Reviewer)

• Living Organisms - They need food to survive because it provides the necessary energy and material essential to maintain life.
• Food - Is the source of nutrients needed to maintain good health and prevent disease
• What are some examples of vital activities?

  movement

  growth and development

  repair worn-out tissues

  reproduction
• Potential Chemical Energy - stored energy in food
• Kinetic Energy - when stored energy in food is converted
• Heat - generated during energy conversion and is important to maintain body temperature
• Photosynthesis - the process where plants trap energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy.
• Carbohydrates - are the main source of energy for humans
• Energy - can also be derived from proteins and fats
• The amount of energy can be measured in terms of cal or small letter c
• Calorie - refers to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g to 100 C
• Kilocalorie (kcal or big letter C) - equal to 1000 calories, is used by nutritionists to refer to the amount of energy in food.
• The amount of energy needed by a person varied with what?

  age

  sex

  type of daily activities
• Food - also supplies you with vitamins and minerals essential for certain bodily processes.
• Vitamins - are essential to prevent diseases such as rickets, scurvy, and beriberi
• What is the disease acquired when you lack vitamin D?

  Rickets
• What disease is acquired when you lack Vitamin C?

  Scurvy
• What disease is acquired if you lack Vitamin B?

  Beriberi
• Thiamin - The other word for Vitamin B1
• Minerals - such as calcium and phosphorus compounds are important in bone formation.
• Metabolism - refers to all chemical reactions taking place inside an organisms's body.
• Basal Metabolism - complete resting
• How many calories does a young female adult need?

  1000 - 2000 calories per day
• How many calories does a young man adult need?

  2200 to 2500 calories per day
• What are some vital activities that needs to be maintained at all times?

  beating of the heart

  contraction of muscles during breathing

  circulation of blood

  passage of nerve impulses
• What are the factors that affect the metabolic rate of a person?

  climate

  body size

  age

  sex
• Nutrients - These are the molecules in food that nourish the body by providing energy and materials essential for growth and development. Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and fibers
• What are the two main type of nutrients?

  Macronutrients

  Micronutrients
• Macronutrients - These are nutrients that we need in larger amount that provide us with energy
• What are some examples of macronutrients?

  fats

  proteins

  crbohydrates
• Carbohydrates - They come mainly from plants in the form of sugar and starch
• Carbohydrates and Proteins - They function as a structural component of living cells
• Micronutrients - are the nutrients that needs to be consumed in very small amounts
• What are some examples of Micronutrients?

  Vitamins

  Minerals
• Fiber - a type of carbohydrates, refers to the indigestible fibrous material found in vegetables and fruits.
• The fibrous material in fibers are mainly made up of what?

  Cellulose
• Peristalsis or Peristaltic movement - is a rhytmic wavelike contractions of the wall of the gut.
• Amino acids - The building blocks of proteins, are essential for the formation of new protoplasm for growth and repair of worn-out body cells.
• Micronutrients - These are nutrients that needs to be consumed in very small amounts
• Proteins - are used for the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies to combat diseases.