IT106-HCI

• Universal Design (UD)

  The design of products, environments, programs, and services to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design
• Key principles of Universal Design

  • Equitable Use
  • Flexibility in Use
  • Simple and Intuitive Use
  • Perceptible Information
  • Tolerance for Error
  • Low Physical Effort
  • Size and Space for Approach and Use
• Equitable Use

  The design is useful and accessible to people with diverse abilities
• Flexibility in Use

  The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities
• Simple and Intuitive Use

  The design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level
• Perceptible Information

  The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities
• Tolerance for Error

  The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions
• Low Physical Effort

  The design can be used efficiently and comfortably with minimum fatigue
• Size and Space for Approach and Use

  Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of the user's body size, posture, or mobility
• Universal Design is not specialized or niche design, but rather good, inclusive design that benefits everyone, not just those with disabilities
• Key approaches to effectively implementing Universal Design (UD)

  • Shared Purpose
  • Built-in Redundancy
  • Augmenting Existing Information
  • Compatibility with Third-Party Assistive Technology (AT)
• The seven principles of Universal Design (UD) have significant overlap with general design principles that are considered good design practices
• The seven principles of Universal Design (UD)

  • Equitable Use
  • Flexibility in Use
  • Simple and Intuitive Use
  • Perceptible Information
  • Tolerance for Error
  • Low Physical Effort
  • Size and Space for Approach and Use
• Tips for improving visual, auditory, haptic and multimodal displays

  • Visual Displays
  • Auditory Displays
  • Haptic Displays
  • Multimodal Displays
• Speech recognition


  Accurate and reliable speech recognition, supporting a wide range of accents, dialects, and speaking styles
• Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis


  High-quality, natural-sounding TTS voices in multiple languages and dialects
• Key considerations for implementing Universal Design (UD) on the web

  • Perceivable Information
  • Operable User Interface
  • Understandable Information
  • Robust Content
  • Flexible Design
  • Inclusive Approach
• Persona


  A fictional representation of a target user or customer that is created to help guide the design and development process
• Main purposes of using personas in UD

  • Understand User Diversity
  • Inform Design Decisions
  • Ensure Inclusive Design
  • Facilitate Collaboration
• Common computer input devices

  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Touchscreen
  • Trackpad/Touchpad
  • Joystick
  • Gamepad/Controller
• Common computer output devices

  • Display/Monitor
  • Speakers
  • Printer
  • Projector
  • Braille Display
  • Text-to-Speech (TTS) Synthesizer
• Multimodal displays are an important aspect of multimodal interfaces, as they provide users with feedback and support different learning styles through the combination of visual, auditory, and haptic elements
• Projector


  • Projects visual content onto a larger screen or surface
  • Useful for presentations, lectures, and collaborative settings
• Braille Display


  • Converts digital text into tactile output using raised dots
  • Allows users with visual impairments to access and read digital content
• Text-to-Speech (TTS) Synthesizer


  • Converts digital text into spoken audio output
  • Provides an auditory interface for users with visual or reading disabilities
• These input and output devices work together to create a seamless and accessible user experience, enabling users to interact with computers and access information in various ways
• Considering the diverse needs and abilities of users is crucial when designing and implementing these devices, aligning with the principles of Universal Design
• Multimodal interfaces


  Multimodal displays are an important aspect, as they provide users with feedback and support different learning styles through cross-modal interaction
• Providing Feedback


  1. Multimodal displays offer users feedback through various sensory channels, such as visual, auditory, and haptic (touch-based) feedback

  2. This redundant feedback helps reinforce the information being conveyed and ensures that users can perceive and understand the system's responses, even if they have sensory limitations

  3. For example, a multimodal display might provide visual cues, auditory alerts, and vibrations to indicate an important notification or event
• Supporting Different Learning Styles

  • Multimodal displays cater to the diverse learning preferences and abilities of users by providing information through multiple modalities
  • Some users may learn better through visual representations, while others may prefer auditory or kinesthetic (movement-based) learning
  • By offering a range of modalities, multimodal displays can accommodate different learning styles and ensure that users can effectively comprehend and interact with the information presented
• Cross-Modal Interaction


  • Multimodal displays enable cross-modal interaction, where users can combine and switch between different input and output modalities
  • For instance, a user might start by providing voice input, then switch to touch-based gestures to manipulate on-screen elements, and receive visual and haptic feedback in response
  • This cross-modal interaction allows users to choose the most suitable modality for a given task or context, enhancing the overall user experience and accessibility
• Examples of multimodal displays

  • Augmented reality (AR) systems that overlay visual information, provide audio cues, and enable touch-based interactions
  • Assistive technologies for individuals with disabilities, such as screen readers that provide both visual and auditory output, or braille displays that convert digital text into tactile feedback
  • Collaborative workspaces that support multiple users interacting simultaneously using a combination of voice, touch, and gesture-based inputs, with corresponding visual, auditory, and haptic outputs
• By incorporating multimodal displays, designers can create more inclusive and accessible interfaces that cater to the diverse needs and preferences of users, aligning with the principles of Universal Design
• Multimodal visualization


  The integration of multiple visual modalities to represent and convey information in a comprehensive and effective manner
• Multimodal visualization


  • Combination of Visual Modalities
  • Interactivity and Exploration
  • Multisensory Engagement
  • Adaptive and Personalized Presentation
  • Improved Comprehension and Insight
• Examples of multimodal visualization

  • Interactive data visualizations that allow users to explore and manipulate 3D representations of data, with accompanying audio and haptic feedback
  • Augmented reality applications that overlay dynamic, interactive visualizations on the physical environment, enabling users to interact with the data in a more immersive way
  • Collaborative visualization tools that support multiple users simultaneously interacting with shared visualizations using various input modalities
• Multimodal visualization is particularly valuable in fields such as scientific research, engineering, education, and decision-making, where the ability to effectively communicate and comprehend complex information is crucial
• Behavioral evidence


  Provides important insights into the effectiveness and benefits of multimodal interfaces and visualizations
• Behavioral evidence


  • Improved Task Performance
  • Enhanced User Satisfaction
  • Increased Accessibility and Inclusivity
• Physiological evidence


  • Reduced Cognitive Load
  • Increased Attention and Engagement
  • Improved Spatial and Temporal Awareness
  • Physiological Responses