l. Spirochete

• Spirochete •Unicellular organism with Flexus structure,

  facultatively anaerobes and multiply by transverse

  fission

  • Motile producing axial fibril
• Spirochete •Found in soil, water and decaying organic material

  • The spirochetes are slender, flexible cells that

  belong to the order
• Two Families of Spirochaetales/ Spirochaetes

  • Spirochaetaceae - free-living saprophytes of little medical importance • Treponemataceae - which include the disease producing
• GENERA Of SPIROCHETE - Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira.
• Treponema • “Turning Threads”

  • The Treponema of medical importance is the causative agent of syphilis

  • Syphilis a disease that, when acquired through

  sexual contact is called VENEREAL SYPHILIS

  • Venereal syphilis is caused by the microorganism

  Treponema pallidum. •Species of Treponema °Treponema pallidum °Treponema pertenue °Treponema carateum
• Treponema pallidum

  • Causes syphilis

  • Syphilis - disease of blood vessels and perivascular area

  Sexually transmitted disease

  • Causative agent
• Other Names Of Treponema pallidum

  • Italian disease • Great pox • Bad bloods • Lues
• Clinical infection of Syphilis

  • Acquired Syphilis

  • Congenital Syphilis
• Stages of Syphilis

  •Primary

  •Secondary

  •Latent

  •Tertiary/Neurosyphilis
• Primary

  • Lesions appear in genitalia or mouth

  • AKA “Hard chancre or hunterian chancre “

  • Sore chancre - painless that develop on the site

  where the bacteria enter our body

  • Heal on their own after 3 weeks to 6 weeks but

  infection can still spread in body

  • Occur in 3 weeks

  • 10-90 days

  • High contagious

  • Painless Sore at the site of infection anus, vagina,

  rectum and penis

  • Easily treat with medicine
• Secondary Stage

  •"CONDYLOMA LATA”

  • Appears all over the body

  • Characterize by rashes

  • Appear 2-4 week

  • Appear before it heals

  • Highly contagious

  • Occur that spread throughout the body

  • Rough red, reddish brown rashes, swollen lymph

  nodes, fever, sore throat, headache, body ache,

  extreme tiredness/ fatigue

  • Commonly includes in the palms, sole, foot, hands

  • The symptoms will go away even with no treatment

  but if you're not get treated the infection will get

  worse.
• Latent • “GUMMAS” • No sign and symptoms • Appear through serological test or blood test • The syphilis bacteria are still alive • Not contagious but can still affect the heart, brain, bone and other organ of body • Can last for years • Not everyone who has syphilis can enter this stage of infection
• Tertiary/ Neurosyphilis

  • Most destructive stage of syphilis if untreated • May begin as early as 1 yr. after infection or anytime during a person lifetime • Start if the symptoms in secondary stage disappear • The infection starts to affects organ • Symptoms: depends on the complications • GUMMATA - large wound in our organs • CARDIOVASCULAR SYPHILIS- heart, blood vessels • NEUROSYHLIS - affect nervous system, affects muscle movements, blind, dementia  
• Congenital Syphilis

  • Transmission from syphilitic mother to the fetus through the placenta
• Treponema pertenue

  •The causative agent Yaws • YAWS - disease of the bone and skin through direct contact
• Treponema carateum

  •The causative agent of CARATE or PINTA • PINTA - primarily restricted to skin • Characterized by hyperpigmentation of lesions • 1-3 weeks incubation period • Initial lesions: enlarged plaques persist for month to years • Late: disseminated, recurrent hypopigmentation or depigmentation of skin lesions, scarring and disfigurement • Transmitted by direct contact with skin lesions • Primitive tropical areas • Hypopigmented Skin Lesions of Pinta: depigmentation is commonly seen as a late sequel with all treponemal diseases
• LEPTOSPIRES / LEPTOSPIRA

  • Thin and fine coil structure • Causative agent WEIL’S DISEASE • WEIL’S DISEASE - an infectious disease transmitted to man from a wide variety of animals
• Leptospires/ Leptospira

  • The Genus Leptospira contains a large number of species that are saprophytic and harmless to both humans and animals. • Several species, however, are parasitic and caused infections characterized by their effect on the liver, kidney, lungs, and meninges.  
• Other Name of Leptospires/ Leptospira

  • Swineherds disease • Pretibial fever • Fort braggs fever • Autumnal fever • Conical fever
• Species of Leptospires/Leptospira

  •Leptospira Biflexa •Leptospira Interorgans- hin coiled shape-like a question mark
• Borrelia

  • “Blood spirochetes” • The Borrelia is the largest of the pathogenic spirochetes, ranging from 10-30μm (micrometer) in

  length and 0.3-0.7μm in width.

  • They are actively motile, exhibiting lashing, twisting

  movement.

  • They have irregularly spaced coils.

  Other name of Borrelia

  • Relapsing fever

  • Tick fever

  • Famine fever

  • Borreliosis
• Species of Borrelia

  •Borrelia Recurrentis

  •Borrelia Anserina

  •Borrelia Turicatae / Perkeri

  •Borrelia Burgdorferi •Borrelia
• Borrelia Recurrentis • “Louse-borne / epidemic relapsing fever” • Transmitted to man by the human body louse • Not all B. recurrentis not cause relaxing fever 
• Two body louse • Pediculus humanus capitis – louse in the body

  • Pediculus humanus corporis - louse in the hair

  and scalp 

  • Borrelia Dutonni

  • Borrelia noyvi

  • Borrelia Berbera
• Borrelia Arserina •Causative Avian Spirochetes
• Borrelia turicatae • "THICK WORM” • Endemic Relaxing Fever
• Borrelia Burgdorferi

  • “LYME DISEASE” • OTHER NAMES • Lyme arthritis, • Banwarth syndrome, • Erythema Chronicum Migrans
• Lyme Disease Bacterial Infection spread through the blood caused by Bacterium genus and species-Borrelia burgdorferi • Outer surface protein C (OSPC) of the Lyme disease spirochetes is an important virulence factor • Thought first to be arthritis
• Flue Like symptoms

  •Headache, fever, chills, Sore throat, Muscle ache • Hearing loss, paralysis of face, Heart complications(Rapid or Slow Heart Rate, Chest pain), Syncope, Palpitations, Dyspnea, Insomnia, Hot, Swollen, Painful joints • Psychological complication(Depression Dementia), Rah at the site of the Tick bite- itching
• Fusobacterium

  •Trench mouth or Vincent vagina • Acute gingival infection
• Spirillum Minus

  • AKA “BORRELIA MURIS” • Organism associated with Rat bite fever 1887 • Symptoms due to Spirillum minus mayninclude: Chills Fever, open sore at the site of the bite • Rash - may be red/purple plaques • Swollen lymph nodes near the bite • Common in north America • Suduko - rat poison the causative agent of rat-bite fever • Rat-bite fever - is an acute febrile human illness caused by bacteria transmitted by rodents, rats or mice in most cases, which is passed from rodent to human via the rodent’s urine or mucous secretions.