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unit 2 biology
2.2 biology
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Nervous system
The
Central Nervous System
(CNS) and the
nerves
Central nervous system
(CNS)
The
brain
and the
spinal cord
Cerebrum
Part of the
brain
responsible for conscious thought,
memory
and personality
Cerebellum
The part of the brain responsible for
balance
and
coordination
Medulla
The part of the brain responsible for controlling
heart rate
and
breathing rate
Sensory neuron
Carries impulses signal from
sense
organ to the
inter
neuron (spinal cord)
Inter neuron
Carries impulses from
sensory
to the motor neuron within
CNS
Motor neuron
Carries impulses from the
inter neuron
to the
muscle
or organ
Electrical impulses
How
messages
are passed along
neurons
Chemicals
How messages are passed through a
synapse
Synapse
The
gap
between two
neurons
Receptor protein
The proteins that detect an
external
stimulus
Stimulus
An external factor that can cause a
response
in the body (e.g. light, taste, sound, etc.)
Effectors
Carries out the
response
to a
stimulus
(e.g. muscle or gland)
Reflex arc
Rapid
,
automatic
and
protective
response
to protect the body from
harm
Endocrine gland
Gland
that produces
hormones
Hormones
Chemical
messengers
that travel in the
blood
Target tissue
Target tissue that has cells with
complementary receptor proteins
, so only that tissue will be affected by those
hormones
Receptors
Protein
found on target cells of
hormones.
They are complementary to hormones
Liver
Target tissue of
insulin
and
glucagon.
It stores excess glucose as
glycogen
Pancreas
Organ that detects changes in blood
glucose
levels. It produces
insulin
and glucagon
Insulin
Hormone that is made when
blood
glucose
increases.
It lowers blood glucose by promoting the
liver
to convert glucose into glycogen
Glucagon
Hormone that is made when blood glucose decreases. It raises blood glucose by promoting the
liver
to convert glycogen back into
glucose
Glycogen
Storage carbohydrate found in the
liver
Blood
How
hormones
travel in the body
when is insulin produced
when blood glucose levels increase