LESSON 1A

• Injuries - are damaged tissues or organs which occur when it encounters trauma or physical force.
• Factors influencing the ability of our tissues or organs to effectively resist or absorb forces include:

  • Inherent abnormality
  • Body position
  • Age
  • Technique
  • Fitness level
  • Equipment
  • Environmental aspects
• Tissues and organs - react to the impact and direction of the force.
• Tensile forces - are those that act away from the center of the structure
• Compressive forces - impact the center causing it to bend or fold.
• Shear forces - are opposing forces toward the different ends of the structure causing it to twist
• Bone - is strong in resisting compressive strength
• Musle-tendon units - strong at resisting tensile forces
• An individual who engages in various type of strenuous activities will expose his/her body to the combination of these forces could result to an injury
• Injuries in sports and fitness commonly affect the musculoskeletal structures
• Have inherent strength that helps withstand strong forces.

  • Ligaments
  • Tendons
  • Muscles
  • Bones
• Injuries including sports injuries can be classified into two:

  • Acute
  • Chronic
• Acute injuries - have signs and symptoms (e.g., pain, swelling) that manifest immediate after force application
• Chronic injuries - occur after a long period of exposure to the force
• Examples of acute injuries:

  • Sprains
  • Strains
  • Fracture
  • Dislocations
  • Wounds
• Excessive stretching force - can cause the fibers of the ligament, muscle or tendon to break
• Sprain - overstretched ligament
• Strain - caused by excessive stretching that causes tears in the muscle-tendon unit
• Fractures - are breaks in the continuity of the bone
• Dislocation - are bones that are pushed out from their joint capsule
• COMMON SPORTS INJURIES:

  • Strain
  • Sprain
  • Fracture
  • Dislocation
  • Concussion
• Strains - the most common of all sports-related injuries
• Common muscle strains:

  • Pulled hamstrings
  • Pulled groin muscles
  • Strained quads
• Most strains are minor and heal naturally with rest
• The best way to reduce the risk of strained muscles and tendons is to warm up and stretch before engaging in strenuous activity
• Identify what kind of injury is this.

  • Strain

  
• Identify what kind of injury is this.

  • Sprain

  
• Ligaments - the tissues that connect bone to bone
• When ligaments turn in a wrong way, they can pull or tear
• Ankle sprains - the most frequent type of sprain among athletes, followed closely by knee sprains, wrist and elbow sprains.
• Sprains can be painful, take longer to heal than strains, and sometimes require immobilization to protect against further injury
• Pre-workout stretches and warm-ups can help deter sprains
• Fill in your answer

  A) Swelling

  B) Fracture

  
• Impact and contact sports often lead to fracture of the bone (mostly arms, legs, and feet)
• Fill in your answer

  A) Dislocated

  B) Crooked and Swollen

  
• Dislocation - the ends of your bones are forced from their normal positions
• Dislocation usually involves the body's larger joints. In adults, the most common side of an injury is the shoulder. In children, it's the elbow
• Thumb and fingers are vulnerable if forcibly bent the wrong way
• Dislocation requires prompt medical attention to return your bones to their proper positions
• Type your answer

  A) Brain contusion