State and Nonstate Institutions

• State institution


  An organization or entity that is established and operated by the government of a country
• Functions of state institutions

  • Carrying out various functions
  • Providing services crucial for the functioning and governance of a society
• Purpose of state institutions


  Serve the public interest by implementing policies, laws, and regulations, and by providing essential services and infrastructure
• State institutions have the authority to enforce laws, regulate specific sectors, administer public programs, and maintain public order and security
• Government


  The system of governance and the institutions that exercise political authority, administer public affairs, and provide public services in the country
• Branches of the Philippine government

  • Executive
  • Legislative
  • Judicial
• Nonstate institutions


  Actors who are largely or completely autonomous from the state, emanating from civil society, market economy, or political opportunities
• Commercial banks


  Concerned with managing withdrawals and receiving deposits as well as supplying short-term loans to individuals and small businesses
• Investment banks


  Focus on providing corporate clients with services such as financial intermediation, underwriting, and assisting with mergers and acquisitions
• Central banks


  Chiefly responsible for currency stability, controlling inflation and monetary policy, and overseeing money supply
• Corporations


  A legal entity that is separate and distinct from its owners, with most of the rights and responsibilities that individuals possess
• Philippine companies in Forbes 2022 Global 2000 list


  • SM Investments
  • BDO Unibank
  • Top Frontier Investment Holdings
  • Ayala Corporation
  • Metropolitan Bank and Trust

  
• Cooperatives


  A duly registered association of persons with a common bond of interest, who have voluntarily joined together to achieve a lawful common social or economic end
• Labor unions


  An organization that represents the collective interests of workers, helping them negotiate with employers over wages, hours, benefits, and other working conditions
• Advocacy groups


  Organizations whose members share a common political, economic, or social interest and try to advance those interests through the political process
• Transnational advocacy groups


  • Amnesty International
  • Greenpeace Philippines
  • World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
  • World Vision
  • Oxfam
• Development agencies


  Organizations dedicated to distributing aid, including humanitarian (emergency relief) and development aid (foreign aid)
• Development aid agencies in the Philippines

  • United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
  • Australian Aid
  • Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
• Intergovernmental organizations


  Entities created by treaty, involving two or more nations, to work in good faith on issues of common interest
• Intergovernmental organizations


  • United Nations
  • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
  • European Union (EU)
• Education


  The process of transmitting the belief, knowledge and skills from one generation to the next
• Functions of education


  • Manifest functions: Socialization, Transmission of culture and skill, Enforcement of social control
  • Latent functions: Expansion of one's circle, Capacitive building skills development
• Women have always been at a disadvantage when it comes to educational opportunities because of gender stereotypes, sexual harassment, and underrepresentation of women in administrative positions
• Education and globalization


  Worldwide discussions, processes, and institutions affecting local educational practices and policies, including increasing privatization, marketization, and managerialism
• According to the United Nations Universal Declaration Of Human Rights, everyone has the right to education
• In the Philippines, primary education is a right as outlined in the 1987 Philippine Constitution
• The United Nations (UN) is an international organization established on October 24, 1945.
• State institutions refers to an organization that is established and operated by the government of a country
• State organizations are funded by the state through tax revenues
• Serving public interest through policies is the primary purpose of state institutions
• Government - system of governance that exercise political authority over a country or territory.
• The PH government has a democratic framework
• The executive branch is headed by the President and the Cabinet members (agency heads and secretaries)
• Judicial Branch - Supreme Court and lower courts
• Legislative Branch - composed of two chambers, the Senate and House of Representatives
• Roles of executive branch - implement laws, formulate policies, and managing every day administration
• Executive: implement laws ; Legislative: enacting laws ; Judicial: interpreting laws
• The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country which is composed of justices appointed by the President
• Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on August 8 1967 in Bangkok
• Philippines joined ASEAN on July 30, 1987