Long quiz

• Biodiversity


  The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem
• Mold


  A type of fossil that forms when an organism is buried in sediment, and the organic material of the organism decays or dissolves, leaving a cavity in the shape of the organism
• Cast


  A type of fossil that forms when a mold is filled with minerals or sediment, creating a replica of the original organism
• Trace fossil


  A fossilized mark or other evidence of the activity of an organism, such as footprints, burrows, or feeding marks, rather than the preserved remains of the actual organism
• Geologic time scale


  A system of chronological dating that relates geological strata to time, used by geologists, paleontologists, and other earth scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred throughout Earth's history
• Extinction


  The complete disappearance of a species or group of organisms, often due to environmental changes, natural disasters, or competition with other species
• Biological evolution


  The change in the characteristics of living organisms over generations, driven by the process of natural selection, genetic drift, and other mechanisms, resulting in the diversity of life forms seen today
• All living things share a common ancestor
• Evolution


  The process by which one species gives rise to another or a change of species over time
• Species


  A group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can interbreed with one another to produce fertile offspring
• Charles Darwin proposed the "Theory of Natural Selection"
• Evidence of Evolution


  • Fossil Records
  • Biochemical Evidence
  • Comparative Anatomy and Embryology
  • Observable Events
• Fossils


  Traces of evidences
• Fossils


  • Dinosaurs in mortal combat
  • An ichthyosaur birth
  • A fish catching a fish-catching pterosaur
• Unique Dinosaur Skin Impressions Found in Spain
• Fossil Records


  Fossils are remains of living things that were mineralized over a long period of time. This remains could be bones, imprints on rocks, and a burrow or tunnel of ancient worms
• Scientists use radioactive dating to measure the age of fossils found
• Homologous structures


  Anatomical structures of different organisms that have the same features but different functions
• Analogous structures


  Anatomical structures that have the same structure but only an adaptation
• Vestigial structures


  Proof that physical structures evolve, e.g. human appendix, tail bone & wisdom tooth
• All vertebrate embryos go through a stage wherein they all have gill pouches at the side of their throat
• Several species of organisms have similar biochemical pathways. Human, mice and rabbits are all mammals, this is why mice and rabbits are used to test new medicines for future human use
• Evolution


  Any change in the inheritable traits within a certain population across generations
• DNA plays an important role in the evolution process
• Natural Selection


  "Survival of the Fittest"
• Artificial Selection


  The selective breeding of organisms to produce desired traits
• Genetic Variation


  The difference between cells, individual organisms, and/or groups of organisms of any species caused by their genotypic and phenotypic variation
• Speciation


  The evolutionary process in which new species arise
• Taxonomy


  Naming and Classifying the diverse form of life
• Carolus Linnaeus is the "Father of Taxonomy"
• Scientific names


  • Zea mays (corn)
  • Mimosa pudica (makahiya)
  • Cocus nutifera (coconut)
• Biological Species Concept


  Views species as a population or a group of populations whose members have the ability and potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
• Morphological Species Concept


  Identifies species based on their physical characteristics
• Ecological Species Concept


  Identifies species based on the ecological environments or niche the role that an organism plays in its ecosystem
• Polygenetic Species Concept


  Defines organisms and species based on unique genetic history
• Allopatric speciation


  The initial block of gene flow is said to have been because of geographic barriers that isolated a certain population
• Sympatric speciation


  New species can arise within the same geographic area as the parent species
• Adaptive Radiation


  A process wherein the evolution of species from a common ancestor diversify rapidly into different new forms due to changes in the environment
• Gradualism


  A slow, gradual accumulation of changes over time
• Punctuated Equilibrium


  The change comes on spurts. There may be period of no very little change then all of a sudden huge changes take place often through mutations