Unit: 6 Emerging and Young Adulthood

• Emerging adulthood


  A time during which young people no longer adolescents but have not yet settled to adult roles. This period of the life span is marked by identity exploration and focus on the self
• Behavioral influences on health

  • Diet and nutrition
  • Obesity and overweight
  • Food insecurity
  • Physical activity
  • Stress
  • Sleep
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol use
• Many health risks are affected by modifiable behavioral factors
• What people eat and how much they move affects how they look, how they feel, and how likely they are to get sick and even die
• Food insecurity is associated with poor health, high blood pressure, obstructive airway disease, depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders
• Physical activity


  • Helps maintain healthy body weight, builds muscles, strengthens heart and lungs, lowers blood pressure, protects against heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some cancers
• A growing body of research suggests that psychological health affects physical health and that high levels of chronic stress are related to a host of physical and immunological impairments
• Adequate sleep is important for physical health but also cognitive, emotional, and social functioning. Poor sleep is associated with high levels of insomnia
• Smoking causes cancer, stroke, lung disease, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as does secondhand smoke
• College is a prime time and place for drinking as college students tend to drink more frequently and more heavily than non-collegiate peers
• Indirect influences on health

  • Socioeconomic status
  • Race and ethnicity
  • Health care access
  • Relationships and
• Higher income people rate their health as better and live longer than lower-income people
• African Americans are also over 60 percent more likely to die in young adulthood than white people, because Black men are far more likely to be victims of homicide is race and
• In the past, young people had the lowest level of health insurance of any age group, as basic young adult's generally age out of many college service programs at the same time as leaving home and living independently
• Social relationships seem to be vital to health and well-being
• Physical development in emerging adulthood

  • Health and fitness
  • Sexual issues
• Alcoholism


  Chronic disease involving dependence on alcohol, causing interference with normal functioning and impairment of judgment
• Treatment for alcoholism

  Counseling and detoxification, hospitalization, medication
• Drug abuse


  Habit-forming drugs include marijuana, prescription pain killers, followed by cocaine and heroin
• Eating disorders


  • Emerging adults and young adults appear to be sensitive periods for the development of eating disorders
• People who score high in androgyny (neither feminine nor masculine) are less likely to experience aggression
• Sexual and reproductive activities are often a prime preoccupation of emerging and young adulthood
• Sexual behaviors and attitudes vary widely across different nations
• Premarital sex is more likely to be considered acceptable in developed than developing countries
• Emerging adults tend to have more sexual partners than older age groups, but they have higher self-control
• People who become sexually active during emerging adulthood rather than adolescence tend to engage in fewer risky behaviors that may lead to unplanned pregnancies
• Marital infidelity, homosexuality, and abortion are viewed most negatively
• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)


  Illnesses transmitted by having sex
• Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)


  Disorder producing symptoms of physical discomfort and emotional tension for up to 2 weeks before menstrual period, including fatigue, headaches, swelling and tenderness of breasts
• Post-Formal Thought


  • Mature type of thinking that relies on subjective experience and intuition as well as logic, and allows for ambiguity, uncertainty, inconsistency, imperfection, and compromise
  • Emerges in early adulthood and is associated with higher education
• Flexibility


  Appropriate tool to solve problems, especially for ambiguous circumstance the fruit of experiences can help us understand the situation more
• Fruits of exprime


  Can help us understand a situation more effectively
• Relativich


  Immalox Had to be black I white: Intre is one rigm answer and one wrong one
• Relativistic thought


  Acknowledges that there may be more than one valid way of viewing an event or interaction that opens up multiple ways of looking at things and challenges a simple, polarized view of the world
• Reflective thinking


  Logical thinking that becomes more prominent in adulthood, involving continuous active evaluation of information and beliefs in the light of evidence and implication
• Reflective thinkers


  • Continually question facts, draw inferences, and make connections
• Dualism


  The world is seen as black and white with little subtlety. Ambiguity is not well tolerated.
• Multiplicity


  Different viewpoints are seen as potentially all having value. The world is full of gray areas.
• Contextual Relativism


  The merits of different solutions to problems are considered with an understanding that some answers may be better than others
• Commitment within Contextual Relativism


  People become skilled at using evidence to evaluate solutions or answers but also understand that the best answer may depend on context and value customs