1.3

• Evidence


  Primary source that will serve as the bases in prosecuting the person who will be held for trial. Evidence also plays a vital role in the determination of guilt or innocence of the accused.
• Accused


  The person brought before the court of law for trial
• Object evidence


  Actual materials that are recovered from the crime scene. These are also evidence which directly addresses to the senses of the court.
• Testimonial evidence


  The form of testimony either by an eyewitness in the commission of the crime or those who have knowledge regarding its commission.
• Documentary evidence


  Evidences in document form which includes some electronic evidence such as text messages, chat messages, electronic mail and some other evidence which are printable.
• Direct evidence


  Evidence which directly proves the case under investigation.
• Circumstantial evidence


  Combinations of different events which if combined may produce a conviction. Otherwise known as indirect evidence.
• Corroborative evidence


  Evidences which have a different character from the one previously offered.
• Cumulative evidence


  Evidence which have a similar nature and character to the one previously offered.
• Positive evidence


  Evidence offered by a witness in which he clearly manifest that an event or scenario exist or did not exist.
• Negative evidence


  Evidence offered by a witness in which he is not certain as to whether an event or scenario exist or did not exist.
• Prima facie evidence


  Evidence offered which may produce a conviction if no rebuttal evidence can be shown.
• Rebuttal evidence


  Evidence offered to contradict evidence previously offered.
• Rule 128 Sec 3


  Admissibility of evidence. – Evidence is admissible when it is relevant to the issue and is not excluded by the law or these rules
• Rule 128 Sec 4


  Relevancy; collateral matters. – Evidence must have such a relation to the fact in issue as to induce belief in its existence or non-existence. Evidence on collateral matters shall not be allowed, except when it tends in any reasonable degree to establish the probability or improbability of the fact in issue.
• Rule 130 Sec 1


  Object as evidence. – Objects as evidence are those addressed to the senses of the court. When an object is relevant to the fact in issue, it may be exhibited to, examined or viewed by the court.
• Rule 130 Sec 2


  Documentary evidence. – Documents as evidence consist of writings, recordings, photographs

  or any material containing letters, words, sounds, numbers, figures, symbols, or their equivalent, or other modes of written expression offered as proof of their contents. Photographs include still pictures, drawings, stored images, x-ray films, motion pictures or videos.
• If there are 2-3 or more circumstantial evidence, will the person be convicted? Yes or No

  Yes