2.4

• 5 W's and 1 H

  • What
  • Who
  • Where
  • When
  • Why
  • How
• Investigative process


  The procedure taken by the investigator which commence from the time the crime was reported up until it was brought before the court for the trial of person accused to have violated the law and for proper sanction and disposition of the case
• Tampered evidence


  Evidence which by in nature is false, altered or otherwise questionable in is evidence or production
• Chain of custody


  The transfer of evidence from one person who holds supervision or care of such evidence to another from the time it war gathered at the crime scene up to the time it will be presented in court
• Methods of identification

  • Identification by witness
  • Identification through physical evidence
  • Identification through forensic science
• Identification by witness


  Identity of the perpetrator is established through an eyewitness or person who have seen the perpetrator in the actual commission of the crime or his presence was seen in the crime scene or immediate area/s where the crime took place
• Identification through physical evidence


  The identity of the perpetrator is established through collection of physical evidence that has a logical connection to the case which could either be associative or tracing evidence
• Associative evidence


  • These are those material/s owned and can be linked to the perpetrator which by some instance was left at the crime scene
• Tracing evidence


  • These are those materials taken by the perpetrator at the crime scene and most commonly found in theft or robbery cases (hair, semen, nail, blood)
• Identification through forensic science


  Method is done through the aid of the experise of different forensic services such as DNA, fingerprint, Odontology and the like
• The case is dismissed if there are some technical errors committed which includes but not limited to tampered evidence, break in the chain of custody, or the prosecution had not established the gult of the accused beyond reasonable doubt and other