Maam kirtly

• Communication


  The system of words or signs that people use to express thoughts and feelings to each other
• Language


  • Has a system of rules (grammar), a system of sound (phonology), and a vocabulary (lexicon)
• Language acquisition


  People acquire the languages used by those in the community while growing up
• Mother tongue/First language


  The languages acquired while growing up
• Language learning


  People learn other languages by studying formally in school or informally on their own
• Language contact


  When people with different languages communicate, they may produce a new language form that is understandable to both
• Language change is the result of language contact
• Communication


  The process of meaning-making through a channel or medium
• Context


  The circumstance or environment in which communication takes place
• Elements of communication


  • Source
  • Message
  • Channel
  • Receiver
  • Feedback
  • Environment
  • Context
  • Interference

  
• Interference/Barriers


  • Physical
  • Psychological
  • Cultural and linguistic
  • Mechanical
• Types of communication by mode

  • Verbal/Oral
  • Non-verbal
  • Visual
• Intrapersonal communication


  A communicator's internal use of language or thought
• Steps to attain intrapersonal communication

  1. Self-awareness

  2. Self-discovery

  3. Self-knowledge

  4. Self-acceptance

  5. Self-involvement
• Interpersonal communication


  The process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages
• Transactional interpersonal communication


  Interpersonal communication with the objective of achieving something at the end of the conversation
• Dyadic/Diadic communication


  An interaction between two persons
• Interpersonal communication


  The process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages: it is face-to-face communication
• An interactive exchange takes place as interpersonal communication takes place
• Transactional communication


  Communication where the objective is to achieve something at the end of the conversation
• Dyadic/Diadic communication


  • An interaction between two persons
  • Even if two groups are present, it is only two communicators that play a fundamental role
  • A person-to-person transaction and one of the commonest forms of speech communications
• Reasons why people engage in dyadic communication

  • To gain information
  • To gain employment
  • To highlight a person's achievement
• Small group discussion


  • The sole purpose is for the group to have cooperation or unity
• Common characteristics in small group discussion

  • Rabble-rouser
  • Poppycock or garbage talker
  • Surly jester
  • Eternal minstrel
  • Silent angel
  • Acerbic biter
• Styles in interpersonal communication

  • Controlling style
  • Egalitarian style
  • Structuring style
  • Dynamic style
  • Relinquishing style
• Extended communication


  The use of electronic media such as television, radio, teleconferencing, video conferencing, Skype calls, and other technological means
• With extended communication, your own thinking, behavior, and attitude may be influenced by other people and you may be persuaded to take the views you hear
• It is important to weigh what you hear and assess them against those beliefs that you hold on to, so you do not get easily swayed by other people's convictions
• Organizational communication


  • Focuses on the role that communication plays in organizational contexts
  • A set of rules or standards for communication protocol should be made clear so that interaction patterns are established
  • Individuals should be equipped with the needed oral and written communication skills that the organization expects them to possess
• Types of Organizational Structure

  • Formal structure
  • Informal structure
• Approaches on Formal Organizational Communication

  • Downward communication
  • Upward communication
  • Horizontal/Lateral communication
  • Crosswise approach
• Informal communication


  Communication that comes from unofficial channels of message flow, also known as "grapevine"
• Intercultural communication


  Communication between or among people having different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds
• Organizational culture


  The values, practices, vision, and mission that the organization and its employees share
• Types of communication according to purpose and style

  • Formal communication
  • Informal communication
• Formal communication employs formal language delivery orally or in written form, with the main objectives of informing, entertaining, and persuading
• Informal communication does not employ formal language, and involves personal and ordinary conversations with the purpose of socializing and enhancing relationships
• Communication model


  A conceptual model that represents how communication works
• Communication models covered


  • Aristotle's model
  • Laswell's model
  • Shannon-Weaver's model
  • David Berlo's model
• Aristotle's communication model


  1. Speaker

  2. Speech

  3. Audience