TRENDS

• Trend


  • A general development or change in a situation or in the way that people are behaving
  • The general movement over time of a statistically detectable change
  • A topic that is the subject of many posts on a social media website or application within a short period of time
• Elements of a Trend

  • Unique content
  • Timing
  • Virality
  • Compelling influencers
  • Correct distribution network
  • Longevity
• Characteristics of a Trend

  • It has a long staying power and enjoy a long period of popularity
  • It is accepted by many industries and people
  • It is rooted on people's cultural traditions, beliefs, and values
  • It shows a transitory increase or decrease of a particular idea, event, or phenomenon
• How to Spot Trends

  1. Don't make the search superficial

  2. Find real proof

  3. Avoid being self-serving
• Fad


  • A practice or interest followed for a time with exaggerated zeal
  • A style, activity, or interest that is very popular for a short period of time
• Guide questions in differentiating a trend from a fad

  • Does it become embedded within culture?
  • Does it affect real change?
  • Does it focus in the long term?
  • Does it change behavior?
  • Does it have multiple articulations?
• Networks

  • Usually informally interconnected group or association of persons such as friends or professional colleagues
  • Bonded by relations or ties that can either strengthen or weaken its members
  • A strong network allows fast and efficient exchange of information and resources
• Social Network


  • A social structure made up of a set of social actors, sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between actors
  • social actors are bound by interpersonal relationship rather than being acquaintance
• Network Analysis

  • Density
  • Hierarchy
  • Complexity
  • Interdependence
  • Embeddedness
• Density

  Measured by the number of connection between actors
• Hierarchy

  Actors can establish relations in other groups in the community rather than establish all of their relationships with members of one group
• Complexity

  The extent to which a link between actors serves a multiplicity of interest in the community
• Interdependence

  The dependence of two or more people or things on each other
• Embeddedness

  The dependence of a phenomenon on its environment which may be defined alternatively in institutional, social, cognitive, or cultural terms
• Intuition

  The ability to understand something instinctively, without the need for conscious reasoning
• Heuristic

  Involving or serving as an aid to learning, discovery, or problem-solving by experimental and especially trial-and-error methods
• Satisficing Heuristic

  Settling for a decision or a choice that is good enough to satisfy ourselves
• Risk-Aversion Heuristic

  Making decisions or judgments based on what we think is a "sure thing"
• Loss-Aversion Heuristic

  Giving more weight to disadvantages than advantages in making decisions or judgments
• Availability Heuristic

  Our belief that a related story or experience will happen again affects our decision or judgment
• Affect Heuristic

  An immediate positive or negative emotional reaction to our decision or judgment
• Association Heuristic

  Making decisions or judgment on the basis of what a word or an idea reminds us of
• Simulation Heuristic

  Making decisions or judgment on the basis of how we imagine various scenarios will happen
• Similarity Heuristic

  Making decisions or judgment on the basis of a belief that what happened to someone else with whom we have certain similarities will happen to us as well
• Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

  Using a specific target number or value as a starting point, known as an anchor, and then adjusting that information until an acceptable value is reached over time
• SWOT Analysis

  • Strengths
  • Weaknesses
  • Opportunities
  • Threats
• PEST Analysis

  • Political
  • Economic
  • Social
  • Technological
• Cost-benefit Analysis (CBA)


  Calculates the strengths (benefits, advantages) and weaknesses (costs, disadvantages) of each of the alternative solutions given to a problem in monetary values
• Cost-effectiveness Analysis (CEA)

  Compares the relative cost to the outcomes or relative effects of the course of action taken by a group or an organization
• Global Network

  A set of units manifesting certain ties or relationships that exist and operate beyond territorial borders of a particular country
• Characteristics of a Global Networks

  • Cross borders and connect to more than one country
  • Movement across a boundary is long-term
  • Not confined to a particular country
• Types of Global Networks

  • Technical global network
  • Interpersonal global network
• Globalization


  A process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology
• Elements of Globalization

  • Privatization
  • Deregulation
  • Liberalization
• Types of Globalization

  • Economic globalization
  • Cultural globalization
  • Political globalization
• Migration

  The movement of a person or a group of persons, either across an international border or within a State
• Types of Migration

  • Internal Migration
  • External Migration
  • Emigration
  • Immigration
• Everett Lee's Push-Pull Theory

  1. Factors associated with the Area of Origin

  2. Factors associated with the Area of Destination

  3. Intervening Obstacles

  4. Personal Factors
• Otis Duncan's Theory of Migration

  • Economic and Technical Causes
  • Social Causes
  • Personal Causes
  • Natural Causes
  • Other causes
• Standing Guy's Theory of Materialism

  The size and level of migration are determined by the relation of production of society, nature of wealth, land ownership system and factors controlling the growth of forces of production in a society