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• Food


  Source of nutrients needed to maintain good health
• Potential chemical energy


  Energy found in food
• Energy


  Ability to do work and cannot be created nor destroyed, it can be converted from one form to another and can also be derived from fats and proteins
• Kinetic energy


  Used in bodily activities
• Photosynthesis


  Plants trap energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy
• Carbohydrates


  Main source of energy for humans, come mainly from plant in the forms of sugar and starch
• Calorie


  Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1° C
• Kilocalorie


  Equal to 1000 calories, used by nutritionist to refer to the amount of energy found in food
• Vitamins


  Essential to prevent diseases such as rickets, scurvy, beriberi
• Minerals


  Such as calcium and phosphorus compound are important in bone formation
• Metabolism


  Refers to all the chemical reactions taking place inside an organism's body
• Vitamin deficiencies


  • Vitamin B1 - beriberi
  • Vitamin C - scurvy
  • Vitamin D - rickets
• Macronutrients


  • Fats
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
• Micronutrients


  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
• Nutrients


  Molecules in food that nourish the body by providing energy and materials for growth and development
• Fiber


  Type of carbohydrate, refers to indigestible fibrous material found in vegetable and fruits
• Peristalsis/peristaltic


  Rhythmic, wavelike contractions of the wall of the gut
• Proteins


  Used for the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies to combat diseases. It can also be used as an energy source
• Amino acids


  The building blocks of proteins, are essential for the formation of new protoplasm for growth and repair of worn-out body cells
• Fats


  Energy-providing foods, provide twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrates
• Atherosclerosis


  Disease from too much fats since it can accumulate on walls of blood vessels
• Vitamins


  Complex organic molecules needed in small amounts and cannot be manufactured by the human body
• Vitamin D


  Can be synthesized in the skin under direct sunlight
• Fat-soluble vitamins


  • A
  • E
  • K
• Water-soluble vitamins


  • Cannot be stored in the body and must be supplied in the daily diet
• Minerals


  Inorganic substances that do not provide energy but are important for different bodily functions
• Trace elements


  • Iodine
  • Manganese
  • Zinc
• Nutrition


  Intake of food from these sources and the processes that convert food substances into living matter
• Ingestion


  Process by which food is taken into the alimentary canal. It takes place while the food is in the mouth
• Digestion


  Process by which food is broken down into smaller components
• Absorption


  The uptake of fluids or other substances by the tissues of the body, food is absorbed into the bodily fluids blood and lymph from the canal
• Assimilation


  Components or chemicals from foods are taken into the cells or body after the food or drink has been digested and absorbed
• Elimination


  Final stage of digestion wherein the body expels or removes waste product
• Teeth


  • Break down food into small pieces
• Tongue


  • Mixes food with saliva
• Pharynx


  • Located immediately posterior to the mouth, 5 to 6 inches long
• Esophagus


  • Narrow muscular tube
• Peristalsis


  • Moves food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement
• Stomach


  • J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you eat, and it breaks it down into tiny pieces
• Chyme


  Food found in stomach