Raws

• It is not an effortless task
• Reading


  Complex cognitive process
• Reading is a transmission of images
• Reading is a language skill that can be developed through constant practice
• Stages of reading


  • Pre-Reading
  • While-Reading
  • Post-Reading
• Pre-reading


  Aims to induce the readers' motivation to read and to activate their schema or background knowledge
• While-reading


  Rereading the text until you fully understand its meaning
• Post-reading


  Checking the understanding of the text
• Basic reading skills


  • Vocabulary acquisition
  • Pre-reading strategies
  • Textual comprehension
  • Organizational skills
  • Response techniques
• Mastering basic reading skills

  Enables a reader to increase their reading speed, comprehension, and overall vocabulary
• Rapid reading


  Aims to locate specific information or main idea in a very short span of time
• Skimming


  Getting the main idea by reading through the text quickly
• Skimming


  • To see what is in the news on a website or on a paper
  • To look through a text to decide whether you want to read it or not
  • To look through the television guide program schedule to plan your evening
  • To see through a catalog to choose an offer
  • To go through the options after searching something on Google
• Scanning


  Aims to get specific information from a given text
• Scanning


  • To search for a word in a dictionary or index
  • To find a phone number or an address in a directory
  • To check the time schedule of a program in an agenda
  • To check the price of a specific item in a catalog
  • To know a particular information from a text
• Previewing


  A skill where a reader looks over a material and focuses on the information he/she finds relevant
• Previewing involves clarifying the purpose, reading the title and headings, and checking the illustration and other visuals
• Inferential reading


  The process of deducing facts and ideas not directly expressed in the text
• Inferential reading is reading between the lines. Ideas are drawn from facts or details in the text
• Literal reading


  Involves the understanding of ideas and facts that are directly stated in the printed material
• Summarizing


  Putting the main ideas(s) into your own words but including only the main point(s)
• Paraphrasing


  Putting a passage from a source into your own words
• Critical thinking


  The close and thorough evaluation of the claims in the text in terms of relevance, validity, and logic
• Critical thinking involves distinguishing facts from opinion and detecting logical fallacies
• Types of reading


  • Developmental reading
  • Pleasure reading
  • Functional reading
  • Remedial reading
• Developmental reading


  • Ryan reads a long text to improve his readings comprehension skills
• Pleasure reading


  • Karen reads her book, To kill a Mockingbird, to relax after a long day
• Functional reading


  • Felipe reads a college application form to understand how to fill it out
• Remedial reading


  • Francis reads a pronunciation chart with his teacher to help him correct his pronunciation of diphthongs
• Patterns of development are the logical arrangement of ideas that helps you follow, recognize, and easily understand the texts
• Patterns of development


  • Definition
  • Exemplification/Classification
  • Description
  • Chronology/Procedure/Listing
  • Cause and Effect/Problem and Solution
  • Compare and Contrast
  • Persuasion
• Definition


  Helps in clarifying ideas by answering the question, "What does it mean"
• Exemplification/Classification


  Organizes the idea; represents the general statement and provides specific and concrete examples to expound on the main idea and clarify a point, argument, or concept
• Description


  Provides details on the idea by using sensory or spatial pattern or arranges ideas by location or physical space
• Chronology/Procedure/Listing


  Organizes ideas or events chronologically according to time. It can be in the form of narration, process, or enumeration
• Chronology/Procedure


  • As soon as, About, Finally
  • Prior to
  • Before, During
  • At, Eventually, Next
  • Immediately, Next week
  • First, Meanwhile, Till, Today
  • Second
  • In the meantime
  • Presently, Soon, That Point
  • Then, Tomorrow, At this point
  • Afterwards, After, Later
• Cause and Effect/Problem and Solution


  Organizes details based on the cause (problem), and the result (solution) of a certain action or phenomenon
• Cause


  • Since
  • As for
  • Being that, for the reason that
  • In that
  • One reason
  • In view of (the fact)
  • In as much as
  • Seeing that
  • Because (of the fact)
• Compare and Contrast


  Organizes the ideas based on how similar or different two concepts from one and another
• Persuasion


  Organizes ideas to show how set of evidence leads to logical conclusion