HOA MODULE 1

• Romanesque Architecture


  • Combination of Roman and Byzantine architecture, basically Roman in style
  • Grew in countries under Roman rule
  • Common materials used: stone, brick, marble, terra cotta, ready-made columns & features from old Roman buildings
• sober and dignified is the opposite of Roman character
• Ruins of classical buildings - classical precedent was used only to suit the fragments of old ornaments used in new buildings
• Churches


  • Every church has a "Monastery" at the side
  • Monastic church situated in a court open to public
  • Cloister Court
  • Inner Court
  • Common Court
• Baptisteries


  • Large, separate buildings usually octagonal in plan and connected to the cathedral by the atrium
  • Used 3 times a year: Easter, Pentecost, and Epiphany
• Campaniles


  • Straight towers shafts, generally standing alone
  • Served as civic monuments, symbols of power, watch towers
• Southern Italy


  • Cefalu Cathedral, Sicily - Most distinct Romanesque church in Sicily
  • Monreale Cathedral - Most splendid under Norman rule in Sicily
  • Basilican and Byzantine planning
• Central Italy


  • Pisa Cathedral - Forms one of most famous building groups in the world
  • Cathedral, Baptistery, Campanile, and Campo Santo
  • Resembles other early Basilican churches in plan
  • Exterior of red and white marble bands
  • Baptistery - 39.3 m circular plan by Dioti Salvi
  • Campanile - aka The "Leaning Tower of Pisa", 8 storeys, 16m in diameter
• France


  • S. Madeleine, Vezelay - Earliest pointed cross vault in France
  • Abbey of St. Denis - Among the first instances of using the pointed arch
• Gothic Architecture


  • Lofty And Aspiring Quality (Refers To Vertical)
  • Structural Honesty
  • Economy In The Use Of Materials
• Fortified Towns


  • Avignon - has a palace which was the headquarters of the Popes
  • Hotels De Ville - Town halls or Municipal Halls
  • Palais De Justice - function same as the Roman Basilica
• Manor Houses


  • Erected by new and wealthy trading families
  • Parts: great hall, room with solar room, chapel, latrine chamber, service rooms, kitchens, central hearth
  • Later, in Tudor Manor Houses: Increased rooms, quadrangular court, battlement parapets, and gateways, chimneys, buttery (butler's pantry), oven, pantry, serving area and storage, larder (food storage), wardrobe, oratory-study, private chapel with altar and crucifix, scullery, brew house
• Cimborio


  The Spanish term for lantern admitting light over a crossing, central lantern
• Crockets


  An upward oriented ornament, often vegetal in form, regularly spaced along sloping edges of spires, pinnacles & gables
• Gargoyle


  Waterspout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely
• Portcullis


  A gate of iron or iron enforced wooden bars made to slide up & down in vertical grooves in the jambs of a doorway, use for defense in castle gateways
• Tracery


  The ornamental intersecting work in the upper part of a window, screen or panel, use decoratively in blank arches and vaults
• Finial


  A formal ornament at the top of a canopy, gable & pinnacle
• Spire


  The tapering termination of a tower
• Steeple


  A tower crowned by a spire
• Epi


  The spire shaped termination of a projecting point or angle of a roof
• Flamboyant Style


  The last phase of French Gothic Arch, characterized by Flame like & free flowing tracery
• Cloisters


  A secluded place of covered passages around an open space, connecting the monastic church with the domestic part of the monastery
• Ogyvale


  A term used for French Gothic Architecture