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• Reading


  A complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct and derive meaning. It is a means of language acquisition, of communication, and of sharing of information and ideas.
• Technique


  A way of doing something by using special knowledge or skill
• Reading Techniques


  The styles, systems or practices in decoding symbols for better comprehension for communication, sharing of information and ideas
• Reading Techniques


  • Rhea read the short story "The Last Leaf" by O. Henry from her English Textbook. She understood the story enough to retell what she has read to her partner with their homework and enough to write a summary of it.
• Cognitive Process


  An operation that affects mental content; the process of thinking and remembering; obtaining and storing of knowledge
• Decoding


  To find or understand the meaning of something; to recognize and interpret something; the process of translating a printed word into a sound
• Derive


  To take, receive or obtain something especially in a specified source
• Language acquisition


  The process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate
• Skimming


  1. Read the title

  2. Read the introduction or lead-in paragraph

  3. Read the first paragraph completely

  4. If there are subheadings, read each one, looking for relationships among them

  5. Read the first sentence of each remaining paragraph
• Skimming


  • Rapidly moving the eyes over text with the purpose of getting only the main ideas and a general overview of the content
  • Useful in pre-reading, reviewing, and quickly reading material that does not need more detailed information
• Scanning


  1. Keep in mind what you are searching for

  2. Anticipate the form the information is likely to appear in

  3. Analyze the organization of the content before starting to scan

  4. Let your eyes run rapidly over several lines of print at a time
• Scanning


  • Rapidly covers a great deal of material in order to locate a specific fact or piece of information
• Phrase Reading


  A method of reading that focuses on groups of words that go together to mean something
• Phrase


  A group of words that go together to mean something. A phrase is a concept.
• Clustering


  An exercise designed to help develop the skills for Phrase Reading
• Types of Non-Prose Reading

  • Graphs
  • Diagrams
  • Charts
  • Maps
• Graphs


  Visual representations of quantitative information meant to make the reader see instantly how gathered data relate to each other
• Diagrams


  Made up of lines and symbols, which show the interrelationships of parts or elements, steps of a process, or key features of an object or an area
• Charts


  Visuals that summarize data, explain a process, or describe a set of relationships
• Maps


  Flat representations of the earth that show geographical areas by means of scales and models
• Note-taking


  The practice of writing down or otherwise recording key points of information
• The Cornell Method


  • Provides a systematic format for condensing and organizing notes without laborious recopying
  • After writing the notes in the main space, use the left-hand space to label each idea and detail with a key word or "cue"

  
• The Cornell Method


  1. Rule your paper with a 2 ½ inch margin on the left leaving a six-inch area on the right

  2. During class, take down information on the six-inch area

  3. When the instructor moves to a new point, skip a few lines

  4. After class, complete phrases and sentences as much as possible

  5. For every significant bit of information, write a cue in the left margin

  6. To review, cover your notes with a card, leaving the cues exposed

  
• The Cornell Method


  • Organized and systematic for recording and reviewing notes
  • Easy format for pulling out major concept and ideas
  • Simple and efficient
  • Saves time and effort
  • "Do-it-right-in-the-first-place" system

  
• The Outlining Method


  • Dash or indented outlining is usually best except for some science classes such as physics or math
  • The most general information begins at the left with each more specific group of facts indented with spaces to the right
  • The relationships between the different parts is carried out through indenting
  • No number, letter, or Roman numeral needed
• The Outlining Method


  • Well-organized system if done right
  • Outlining records content as well as relationships
  • It also reduces editing and is easy to review by turning main points into questions
• The Mapping Method


  • Mapping is a method that uses comprehension/concentration skills and evolves in a note taking form which relates each fact or idea to every other fact or idea
  • Mapping is a graphic representation of the content of a lecture
  • It is a method that maximizes active participation, affords immediate knowledge as to its understanding, and emphasizes critical thinking
• The Mapping Method


  • This format helps you to visually track your lecture regardless of conditions
  • Little thinking is needed and relationships can easily be seen
  • It is also easy to edit your notes by adding numbers, marks, and color coding
  • Review will call for you to restructure thought processes which will force you to check understanding
  • Review by covering lines for memory drill and relationships
  • Main points can be written on flash or note cards and pieced together into a table or larger structure at a later date
• The Charting Method


  If the lecture format is distinct (such as chronological), you may set up your paper by drawing columns and labeling appropriate headings in a table
• The Charting Method


  1. Determine the categories to be covered in the lecture

  2. Set up your paper in advance by columns headed by these categories

  3. As you listen to the lecture, record information (words, phrases, main ideas, etc.) into the appropriate category
• The Charting Method


  • Helps you track conversation and dialogues where you would normally be confused and lose out on relevant content
  • Reduces amount of writing necessary
  • Provides easy review mechanism for both memorization of facts and study of comparisons and relationships
• The Sentence Method


  Write every new thought, fact or topic on a separate line, numbering as you progress
• The Sentence Method


  • Slightly more organized than the paragraph
  • Gets more or all of the information
  • Thinking to tract content is still limited
• Outline


  A blueprint of some more elaborate written structure that helps the writer construct a more unified and better organized idea of a composition or essay
• Function of an outline

  To show how the parts of a text are related to one another as parts that are of equal importance, or sections that are subordinate to the main idea
• Use of an outline


  As a guide to organizing your ideas before writing an essay
• Types of outline


  • Topic outline
  • Sentence outline
  • Mixed outline
  • Paragraph outline
• Topic outline


  • Uses single words or phrases in the headings
• Topic outline


  • I. Classification of Animals Based on Habitat
  • Terrestrial Animals
  • Aerial Animals
  • Aquatic Animals
  • Freshwater Animals
  • ii. Saltwater or Marine Animals
  • Amphibious Animals
  • II. Classification of Animals Based on Food
  • Herbivores
  • Carnivores
  • Omnivores
• Sentence outline


  • Expands each part into full sentence