PHILO 3RDQ

• Philosophy began at the end of the 6th Century happened in Ancient Greece
• Philosophy came from greek word: Philein which means “love” and Sophia which means “wisdom”.
• Philosophers became the talk of the town in Athens because of the works of Hesiod and Homer
• Work and Days by Hesiod written as poem published around 700 BCE
• It is the idea of man’s fate being indebted to the gods
• The iliad and The Odyssey works of Homer
• Philosophy’s realization to itself is shaped by its reaction to literature.
• In a more particular claim, philosophy is a transition from the Greek’s penchant for story (muthos) to reason (logos).
• the heart of philosophy’s beginning was a radical shift to knowing that the origin of the world might not come from some mythic explanation but from a more rational, more ground fact. This then proves that making sense of the world has a clear basis and reason.
• Philosophy started in 857 BCE in a town called Miletus
• Miletus was a seaport town and was considered to be the center of many things, including business and commerce.
• Miletus had the same importance in antiquity.
• First philosophers were said to be Milesians.
• Philosophy began in wonder.
• The first philosophers real question was about the astonishment at the wonders they observed.
• This is the reason why the first problems related to philosophy were cosmological in the nature and why the first philosophers were cosmologist.
• OLIVER FELTHAM - The best philosophy historians today
• Oliver Feltham - He provides a different understanding and clarification of how this thauma can be translated.
• Thauma means “wonder”
• When a person is stupefied, that person is placed in a position of confusion.
• Stupefaction - It becomes reinforcement to be completely mesmerized and thereby pushing oneself to ask.
• Stupefaction should lead one to question
• Questioning becomes indication that real and genuine knowledge does not end in awe.
• Doubt pushes us to question many things to see that a greater reason is being veiled by what seems to appear before us.
• Not all doubts are healthy some could lead to skepticism.
• SKEPTICISM - Wherein everything is put into inquiry without any goal of grounding and could lead to being myopic
• MYOPIC - A perspective that is in direct contrast to the spirit of philosophy.
• ALLAN BADIOU - A french contemporary philosopher said that, a philosophical question that touch upon matters related to three things: (a) Choice (b) Meaning (c) Life
• Allan Badiou

  • Choice
  • Meaning
  • Life
• Pythagoras (570-495 BCE) might be more familiar to mathematicians.
• Pythagoras' contribution to philosophical discourse is crucial. Pythagoras marked a radical shift from the mythic to the rational.
• Pythagoras - His invention that the world is governed by a principle that only numbers can provide is as radical

  as Copernicus saying that the Earth is not the center of the

  Universe during the Renaissance.
• It can be summarized by his actual idea of Philosophus. (Pythagoras)
• Philosophus - everyone is a philosopher. The term is more of a challenge for anyone who dares to study philosophy.
• Philosophy is in fact scientific. The science being spoken here is neither limited to physical nor natural sciences only. The science here is philosophy’s own discipline to observe the rigors of science.
• Philosophy’s object is literally everything and every-thing. It means that philosophy can study anything under the sun as long as the subject is able to generate possible ideas. Philosophy can even study something that is not yet possible to be known.
• Studying any object in philosophy is no simple matter. Philosophy is not satisfied with answers that can be given via yes or no. It is also not obsessed with providing the answer right away.
• Philosophy is not an activity that is left to either chance or pure faith. Philosophizing is an activity without help other than itself; hence, it is done only by the use of reason, unalloyed and unadulterated.
• The significance of philosophy is not on its demonstration of knowledge but in its capacity to focus on the possibilities that might be lost in the full understanding of what is being taught because that knowledge could be confirmation of one’s ignorance. The significance of philosophy is to recognize that the answer is not yet complete.
• Jostein Gardner’s Sophie’s World, written to great acclaim Norway