PE

Cards (41)

  • Mountaineering
    The set of activities that involves ascending mountains
  • Mountaineering-related activities
    • Traditional outdoor climbing
    • Hiking
    • Skiing
  • Organizing a climb/exploration/outing
    1. Decide where to go
    2. Choose your target participants
    3. Collect information about the destination
    4. Assess participant's capability
    5. Arrange food and equipment distribution
    6. Check weather forecast
    7. Secure permits
    8. Assign climb officials
    9. Conduct pre-climb
  • Gigi Wu, known as the "Bikini Hiker", had fallen down a ravine (20 - 30 meters) in Taiwan's Yushan national park and was badly injured. Reason for dying - frozen to death
  • John Allen Chau, a US National, was killed in North Sentinel Island for illegally entering Sentinelese Tribe Area
  • 4 key persons and roles in climb composition
    • Team Leader
    • Assistant Team Leader
    • Trail Master
    • Hikers
  • Responsibilities of a Team Leader
    • Itinerary (travel plans)
    • Checklist for climbing
    • Waiver
    • Pre-climb
    • Appointment of committees
    • Distribution of equipment
    • Transportation
    • Post-climb
  • Responsibilities of an Assistant Team Leader
    Support and respect the team leader
  • Responsibilities of a Trail Master
    • Assign the climb composition
    • Lead man (trailblazer/lead packer)
    • Mid man (scribe/purser)
    • Sweeper (tail ender)
    • First-aiders (medical assistance)
  • Pre-climb
    1. Body Conditioning: be physically fit and emotionally prepared
    2. Nutrition and Rest: make sure to get proper nutrition and rest prior to the climb
    3. A pre-climb meeting and orientation: it is a meeting held before the climb proper, during which participants of the climb talk about the climb
  • Why is a pre-climb that important?
    • It is a reminder that the climb must be taken seriously
    • It is an opportunity for all the participants to meet before the climb itself
    • It makes sure that everyone is on the same page, as far as a climb is concerned
    • It informs all the participants about what to expect, which will then enable them to make the necessary preparations
    • It is an opportunity to discuss sharing information and gear during the climb itself
  • Suggested sequence of a pre-climb
    1. Everyone introduces him/herself
    2. Participants share their expectations on the climb
    3. Organizer shares the background of the climb
    4. Organizers make a run through of the total cost, itinerary, challenges, things to bring, protocols
    5. The group decides on changes in itinerary, group equipment, meal plans, assignment of roles, financial contributions
    6. Organizers make closing remarks and final reminders
  • Pre-departure
    Assembly and punctuality
  • Climb proper
    1. Head count
    2. Control overall pacing of climb
    3. Check trail signs
    4. Ensure camp protocols (observe PDA, avoid jewelries)
    5. Observe performance of climb officers and participants (regroup if needed)
    6. Ensure campsite cleanliness, orderliness and security
  • Post-climb
    1. Over-all assessment
    2. Comments and suggestions
    3. Learning
  • Tips for backpacking
    • Just 40% of your body weight
    • Weigh your gear
    • 3 kinds of equipment "3M's" (Mahal, Mura, Mahihiram)
    • 2 Classification of equipment (Personal and Group)
  • Hiking for beginners: 10 essential tips

    • Start small and choose the right trail for your fitness level
    • Familiarize yourself with the trail
    • Check the weather
    • Tell someone where you will be
    • Wear the right shoes and socks
    • Dress for success
    • Keep it light
    • Pace yourself
    • Pack the 10 essentials
    • Leave no trace
  • 10 essentials
    • Navigation (map & compass)
    • Sun protection (sunglasses & sunscreen)
    • Insulation (extra clothing)
    • Illumination (headlamp/flashlight)
    • First-aid supplies
    • Fire (waterproof matches/lighter/candle)
    • Repair kit and tools
    • Nutrition (extra food)
    • Hydration (extra water)
    • Emergency shelter (tent/plastic tube tent/garbage bag)
  • Camping
    An outdoor activity involving overnight stays away from home in a shelter, such as a tent
  • The history of recreational camping is often traced back to Thomas Hiram Holding, a British traveling tailor, but it was actually first popularized in the UK on the River Thames
  • Things to consider when camping
    • Never camp alone
    • Plan the trip with a group
    • Check the weather beforehand
    • Bring more than enough water
    • Leave No Trace
    • Don't forget medicine and a first aid kit
    • Bring a cell phone
    • Make a plan and leave it with someone who isn't going with you
    • Dress appropriately, and bring extras
    • Plan the menu in advance
  • Things to bring when camping
    • Shelter (tent, extra stakes, shade tarp, poles, rope, stakes, axe or hammer)
    • Bedding (sleeping bag, sheets, blankets, pillow, utility bags)
    • Cooking (water jug, bucket, coolers, ice, thermos, matches, charcoal, plates, bowls, trash bag, foil, dish soap, tongs, can openers)
    • Clothes (shoes, boots, jeans, pants, belt, shorts, t-shirt, socks, hat, sweatshirt, jacket, underwear, sleep clothes, laundry bags)
    • Personal (shower shoes, towels, wash cloth, soap, shampoo, deodorant, comb, feminine products, toilet paper, medications)
    • Miscellaneous (batteries, compass, GPS, bug repellant, whistle, camera, candles, map, radio, first aid kit, flashlight, tape, notepad, pen, cell phone, charger, hand wipe, drinks, snacks)
  • First aid kit
    A collection of supplies and equipment that is used to give medical treatment
  • Tent pitching
    Assembling your tent on the campsite, erecting or building it up for shelter
    1. talkies
    • Hand wipe
    • Drinks / snacks
  • Basic first aid kit
    • Personal medications
    • Roll bandages
    • Adhesive tape
    • Antiseptic wipes
    • Sterile gauze pads
    • Cotton swabs
    • Tweezers
    • Safety pins
    • Scissors
    • Tissues
    • Heat and cold packs
    • Small flashlight
    • First aid manual
  • First aid kit
    A collection of supplies and equipment that is used to give medical treatment. It should be locked and kept in a cool, dry place out of the reach of children.
  • Tent pitching
    Assembling your tent on the campsite. To pitch is to erect or build, so when you pitch a tent, you are building it up for shelter.
  • How to pitch a tent
    1. Select a location free of debris
    2. Lay down your footprint or ground cloth
    3. Position the tent over the footprint with the doors facing away from the wind
    4. Lay out the poles and assemble them
    5. Attach the fly per the tents instructions and secure it to the tent body or poles
    6. Stake out the tent starting at the corners and making the floor perimeter taut
    7. Tuck in any ground cloth or foot print material extending beyond the floor perimeter
  • Where to pitch a tent
    • Choose flat ground
    • Avoid hills
    • Consider sun exposure
    • Consider wind exposure
    • Be close to water but not too close
    • Don't leave your mark on the land
  • Compass
    A navigational instrument that shows directions in a frame of reference that is stationary relative to the surface of the earth. It has a magnetic needle or card that can rotate freely and align itself with the Earth's magnetic field and point Magnetic North-South.
  • The invention of the compass is credited to the Han Dynasty of China between the 2nd Century BC and 1st century AD. The original compass used lodestone, a magnetite or naturally magnetized mineral, instead of magnetized iron.
  • General uses of the compass
    • Navigation in seafaring, hiking, mountaineering, orienteering, camping, flying, and other activities
    • Taught in basic survival courses
    • Used in Scouting and the military
  • Orienteering compass

    Also known as the Mountaineering Compass or Baseplate Compass. Used for mountaineering, orienteering, map plotting, and general navigation. Has an adjustable dial and a magnetic needle that always points North.
  • Parts of the orienteering compass
    • Baseplate
    • Scales
    • Direction of travel arrow
    • Magnifier
    • Index pointer
    • Dial
    • Declination marks
    • Orienting arrow
    • Orienting lines
    • Needle
    • Housing
    • Bubble
    • Mirror
    • Sight
  • Reading the compass
    1. Look at where the needle points
    2. Turn your body while keeping the compass in front of you
    3. Notice the needle stays pointing the same direction (North)
    4. Read the coordinates accurately by taking note of the degree and direction presented on the compass
  • Basic compass reading
    1. Hold the compass steadily and level with the direction-of-travel arrow pointing straight away from you
    2. Hold it about halfway between your face and waist in a comfortable arm position
    3. Look at the compass and read it
  • Important reminders for using a compass: hold it steadily and level, keep it away from magnetic objects or electronics, understand the cardinal directions, and take care of the compass
  • Cipher
    An algorithm for performing encryption or decryption - a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure. To encipher or encode is to convert information into cipher or code.
  • The earliest known use of cryptography is found in nonstandard hieroglyphs carved into the wall of a tomb from the Old Kingdom of Egypt circa 1900 BCE.