JAM

• GEOLOGIC HAZARDS


  Geologic processes that may cause the loss of lives, injuries, damage to property, social and economic disruption as it may result in the loss of livelihood or environmental damage.
• Mass wasting or slope movement


  geomorphic process by which soil, sand, regolith, and rock move downslope typically as a mass influenced by gravity and frequently affected by water.
• Geomorphic process


  refers to the changing evolution of topographic features of the Earth, created by various physical process taking place on the earths surface.
• Bioturbation


  that the biological soils and sediments are continuously done by plants and animals, such as burrowing annelids.
• SUDDEN GEOLOGIC HAZARD


  happen very quickly and with little or no waning. Often, these are the recurrent, small0- scale, low- severity disasters, observed to be mostly localized event.
• LANDSLIDE


  Is a general term referring to all types of surface movement, particularly those involving the mass downhill movement of soil, rock, or snow due to gravity, including the landform that results from such movement.
• SHALLOW LANDSLIDES


  occur when the sliding surface range from a few decimeters to a few meters of soil or weathered bedrock. It often happen in areas with slopes made up of high permeable soils on top of low permeable soils.
• DEAP- SEATED LANDSLIDES


  have deep sliding surfaces that are located below the maximum rooting depth of trees, often depths at more than 10 meters, and often occurs slowly but in occasional instances move faster.
• FALL


  occurs when soil or rocks abruptly detach from a deep slope or cliff, about 45-90 degrees (nearly vertical), and usually with a high elevation
• Topple


  is similar to a domino falling down when it resting on its narrow edge or, a loaf of bread that is being slide on its width
• slide


  material made up of a rock or soil mass has a downslope movement, and is separated from more stable underlying materials.
• ROTATIONAL SLIDE


  the surface of ruptured is curved concavely upward and slide movement roughly rotates about an axis that is parallel to the ground surface and transverse across the slide
• TRANSLATIONAL SLIDE


  the landslide mass moves along a roughly planar surface with almost no rotation or backward tilting.
• liquefaction or the general subsidence

  The fourth type of slide, is an example of landslide often caused by---------- of a fractured rock or soil mass into softer underlying material.
• Lateral spread


  distinctively occur very gentle slope when a stronger upper layer of rock moves above an underlying soft material.
• Rock spread


  refers to solid or hard ground that pulls from the stable ground in one solid mass
• Block spread


  the weaker underlying may squeeze upward into the fractures.
• Liquefaction spread


  the upper stable layer on top.
• FLOW


  is a continuous movement of displaced mass, resembling a viscous liquid.
• ROCK FLOW


  flow movements in bedrock that are slow and usually occurs on slope that are at a 45- 90 degree angle.
• DEBRIS AVALANCHE


  large, extremely rapid often open-slope flows formed when an unstable slope collapses and the resulting fragmented debris is rapidly transported away from the slope.
• DEBRIS FLOW


  extremely rapid mass movement in which loose soil, rock and sometimes organic matter such as trees and vegetation.
• ROCK AVALANCH(STURZSTROM)


  extremely rapid flow with massive amounts of flow material made up of fragmented rock from a large rock slide or rock fall.
• EARTHFLOW


  usually occur on gentle to moderate slope, generally in fine-grained soil, commonly clay or silt.
• MUDFLOW


  an earthflow consisting of material that is wet enough to flow rapidly wherein more than half are sand, silt and clay.
• CREEP/SLOW EARTHFLOW


  is the imperceptibly slow, steady downward movement of slope-forming soil or rock, producing permanent deformation.
• human causes

  natural causes


  CAUSES OF LANSLIDES
• Volcanic eruption

  Vibrations made by earthquakes


  NATURAL CAUSES
• Removal of vegetation

  Overloading slopes

  Mining and quarrying activities.

  HUMAN CAUSES
• HYDROMETEOROLOGY


  A branch of meteorology that deals with the study of the physical and chemical properties of the Earth's atmosphere and their relationship with the hydrological cycle.
• Hydrometeorological hazards


  this refers to the natural hazards that arise from atmospheric, hydrological, and meteorological phenomena, including storms, floods, droughts, landslides, and other weather-related events.
• Hydrometeorological weather systems


  refer to weather phenomena that involve both water (hydro) and the atmosphere (meteorological). These systems include things like rain, snow, fog, thunderstorms, hurricanes, and tornadoes, which are influenced by the interaction between the atmosphere and the Earth's surface, particularly bodies of water.
• Typhoon


  large, violent, and powerful tropical cyclone. It is a low pressure area (LPA) rotating counter-clockwise and containing rising warm air that forms over warm water in the Western Pacific Ocean.
• Tropical Depression and

  Tropical Storms


  Less powerful tropical cyclones are called ——-
• SOUTHWEST MOONSOON (HABAGAT)


  This weather system with moisture-laden winds and rains affect the Philippines during what is commonly known as the "rainy season," beginning around
• July and ending in October.


  SOUTHWEST MOONSOON (HABAGAT)
• Cold front


  the transition zone where a cold air mass is replacing a warmer air mass.
• Warmer air


  Cold fronts generally move ______ from northwest to the southeast
• NORTHEAST MOONSOON (AMIHAN)


  It brings in moderate temperature to our shores, and is accompanied by marginally little rainfall. As it produces little to no rain at all, it brings less natural hazards compared to the Habagat. It covers post Christmas season, when air is typically colder and the weather generally undis-turbed by storms.
• From November to March.

  NORTHEAST MOONSOON (AMIHAN)