SCIENCE, Nervous System

• Central Nervous System


  contains brain and spinal chord
• Peripheral Nervous System

  contains nerves outside the brain and spinal schord
• Somatic Nervous System


  Regulates activities under conscious control
• Autonomic Nervous System


  regulates activities that are involuntary or are not under conscious control
• Autonomic Nervous System further divided into the

  Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System
• Sensory input


  -gathers information by the way of neurons, glia and synapse

  -monitors changes occurring inside the body
• sensory receptors


  detects changes in the internal and external environment
• Olfactory receptors


  plays a critical role in recognizing thousands of odorant molecules
• Sensory Integration


  -processes and intercepts sensory input and decides if action is needed

  -combines sensory perceptions and higher cognitive functions (like memories, learnings, and emotions) to produce a response
• Motor Output


  comes after the sensory integration, this is when brainstem sends impulses from the brain to the muscles that controls movements for eyes, head, neck, torso, and legs
• Frontal lobe

  problem solving, judgement, motor function, and expressive language
• Parietal lobe


  sensors information it receives from the body including spatial sense and navigation
• Temporal lobe


  auditory function and encoding
• Occipital lobe


  Visual information
• Brain stem


  controls flow of messages between the brain and the body
• Cerebellum


  plays a role in coordination and balance, and it also helps in the fine tuning of motor movements by the cerebrum
• Cerebrum


  Largest part of the brain
• Cerebrum


  responsible for initiating and coordinating movements and regulating higher cognitive functions
• Neuroglia (Glia or Glial Cells)


  These are found in the central nervous system which comes from the word "glue" that connect the nervous tissues together but cannot transmit nerve impulses.
• Relay Neurons or Interneurons (Association Neurons)


  Responsible for processing the sensory information carried by the sensory neurons and giving a response through the motor neurons
• Motor Neurons (Efferent Neurons)


  Carry the impulse away from the Central Nervous System to the effectors such as the muscles and the glands
• Sensory Neurons (Afferent Neurons)


  Receive stimuli and transmit them toward the Central Nervous System
• Axon


  Transmits impulses to another neuron
• Dendrites


  The receiving parts of the neuron
• Cell Body


  Contains the nucleus and other cell organelles
• Stimulus


  A change in the environment that causes one to initiate an impulse
• Impulse


  An electric signal that travels in a neuron
• Nerve Cell (Neuron)


  Has the ability to change a stimulus into an impulse
• Pons

  Connects the parts of the brain and also helps control breathing
• Midbrain


  Responsible for the coordination of muscular movements and reflexes that moves eyes, head, and neck such as startle reflex
• Medulla Oblongata


  Associated with heartbeat, breathing, sensations, and reflex control
• Brain Stem

  Connects the brain and the spinal cord
• Left Hemisphere


  Controls the right side of the body and different skills such as speaking, writing, numerical etc.
• Right Hemisphere


  Controls the left of the body and is related to our spatial intelligence, pattern and face recognition, and musical ability.
• Spinal Nerves


  Connect the central nervous system to the other parts of the body
• Cranial Nerves


  These are located in the brain which are responsible for the 5 basic senses (smell, taste, sight etc.) and movement.
• Motor Nerves


  Connect to the skeletal muscles that function voluntaril
• Limbic System


  Part of the brain that is involved in behavioral and emotional responses
• Hippocampus


  The storage for long term memory, including all past knowledge and experiences
• Amygdala


  An almond shaped structure that plays a vital role in processing emotions such as fear or pressure for survival