Kinetic particle theory

Cards (22)

  • The kinetic particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles and these particles are in constant motion
  • SOLIDS
    Particle arrangement - Very closely packed in an orderly manner
    Attractive forces between particles - Very strong
    Kinetic energy of particles - Very low
    Particle movement - Vibrate about fixed positions
    Shape - definite
    Volume - definite
    compressibility - No
  • LIQUID
    Particle arrangement - closely packed in an disorderly manner
    Attractive forces between particles - strong
    Kinetic energy of particles - low
    Particle movement - Slide past one another freely throughout the liquid
    Shape - indefinite
    Volume - definite
    compressibility - No
  • GASES
    Particle arrangement - Very far apart in a disorderly manner
    Attractive forces between particles - Very weak
    Kinetic energy of particles - high
    Particle movement - move quickly and randomly in any direction
    Shape - indefinite
    Volume - indefinite
    compressibility - yes
  • Solid - Gas is sublimation
  • Gas - Solid is vapour deposition
  • Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
  • Particles have higher kinetic energy at higher temperatures
  • Particles of larger mass will require more kinetic energy to move at any given temperature, heavier particles will diffuse slower than lighter particles
  • Increase in temperature - increase in rate of diffusion
  • Increase in particle mass - decrease in rate of diffusion
  • Number of protons in an atom = number of electrons in that atom
  • Protons
    Relative mass - 1
    Relative charge - +1
    Location in the atom - nucleus
  • Neutrons
    Relative mass - 1
    Relative charge - 0
    Location in the atom - nucleus
  • Electrons
    Relative mass - 1/1840
    Relative charge - -1
    Location in the atom - electron shells
  • The proton number(Z) is the number of protons in an atoms nucleus.
  • The nucleon number(A) is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
  • Nuclide notation
    A) mass number
    B) atomic number
  • An ion is the particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons, but the number of protons and neutrons remains the same
  • Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same proton number but different nucleon numbers. This means that they have different number of neutrons
  • Electrons in the innermost shell have the least energy
  • Electrons in the valence shell have the highest energy