Crop Sci2

• Main Goal of Crop Production

  Food Security to make food affordable
• Food production cannot keep up with the immense population growth

  The Philippines' population expansion rate was estimated at 1.4 percent in 2019, while the agriculture sector grew by a measly 0.5 percent in late 2020
• Reduction in rice production by 20% in 1998
• 66% of the poor are in agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector
• Poverty incidence in the rural areas is 68% compared to only 34% in the urban areas
• The highest poverty incidence is found among corn farmers (41%), rice and corn workers (36%), sugarcane farm workers, coconut farm workers, forestry workers (33%), and fishers (31%) in the coastal waters
• The average age of Filipino farmers is 57
• The daily wage rate of male farmers is P176.44, and for female farmers is P169.27
• Agriculture in the Philippines is dominated by smallholder agriculture in rural areas
• Farmers lack access to markets, credits, and technology, and have poor infrastructure
• World price spikes jeopardize food security and threaten livelihoods of smallholder farmers
• The implementation of the ASEAN Free Trade Area will remove the tariff and quantitative restrictions for certain commodities, but factors limiting gains from globalization include low investments in infrastructure, lack of political will to implement a sustained and credible fiscal reform program, high transaction costs, and lack of a coherent industrial policy
• Issues in crop production

  • Food production cannot keep up with the immense population growth
  • Climate is changing
  • Unemployment and Poverty
  • Graying farmers with low wage
  • Declining labor productivity
  • Imports as alternative food sources
  • Land conversion
  • Declining interest among youth in agriculture
  • Rapid Environmental Degradation
  • 10. Uncertainty is the price and availability of energy
  • 11. Implementation of ASEAN Free Trade Area
  • 12. Low R&D investment in agriculture
• Possible solutions to address crop production issues/problems

  1. Staple Food Commodities to ensure food security

  2. High Value Crops to generate jobs and foreign earnings
• What are the reasons of declining in labor productivity?
• What are imports as an alternative sources?
• What are the rapid environmental degradation?
• What are the 


  Uncertainty in the price and availability of energy?
• Food production (population growth)
• What are the issues of climate change in crop production?