Lesson 6 ENG

• Writing


  a medium of human communication that involves the representation of a language with written symbols.
• PARAGRAPH


  • a group of interrelated sentences
  • organized around a topic sentence
  • contains an introductory sentence
  • uses sentences to explain major points
  • may use a concluding sentence
• PARAGRAPH


  a group of interrelated sentences
• PARAGRAPH


  organized around a topic sentence
• PARAGRAPH


  contains an introductory sentence
• PARAGRAPH


  uses sentences to explain major points
• PARAGRAPH


  may use a concluding sentence
• ESSAY


  • a group of paragraphs
  • organized around a thesis
  • contains an introductory paragraph
  • uses paragraphs to explain major points
  • always uses a concluding paragraph
• ESSAY


  a group of paragraphs
• ESSAY


  organized around a thesis
• ESSAY


  contains an introductory paragraph
• ESSAY


  uses paragraphs to explain major points
• ESSAY


  always uses a concluding paragraph
• Parts of a Paragraph(4)


  • Topic Sentence
  • Body (Supporting Sentences)
  • Cohesive devices
  • Closing Sentence
• Topic Sentence


  contains the main idea of the paragraph;

  • it may present a stand, a question, or a statement
• Body (Supporting Sentences)


  provide additional information or details that prove or explain the main idea
• Cohesive devices


  words such as pronouns, conjunctions, and other transitional devices that show how the parts of the text are connected
• Closing sentence


  concludes the information or arguments presented in the text
• Parts of an Essay

  1. Introduction
  2. Body
  3. Conclusion
• Introduction 


  1. Lead or Attention-getter
  2. Transitional Statement
  3. Thesis Statement
• Lead or Attention-getter


  aims to hook the readers; provocative rhetorical question, statistics, a startling statement, an anecdote, a quotation, humor, or analogy
• Transitional Statement


  links the lead to the thesis statement; provides a background on the topic
• Thesis Statement


  states the central idea or argument of the essay
• Body

  1. Major Point 1
  2. Minor Detail 1
  3. 2. Minor Detail 2
  4. B. Major Point 2 1. Minor Detail 1 2. Minor Detail 2
• Body

  A.Major Point 1

  1.) Minor Detail 1

  2.) Minor Detail 2

  B. Major Point 2

  1.) Minor Detail 1

  2.) Minor Detail 2
• Conclusion

  1. Reiteration of the thesis statement
  2. Transitional Statement
  3. Closing Statement
• Reiteration of the thesis statement


  restatement using different structure and wording
• Transitional Statement


  recommendations, benefits of ideas presented, purpose of writing
• Closing Statement


  wraps up the essay;

  end it with a bang (link it to the attention-getter in the introduction
• Properties of a Well-Written Text

  • Unity
  • Coherence and Cohesion
  • Organization
  • Language Use
  • Mechanics
• Unity


  • achieved when a composition contains one focused idea
  • all the supporting ideas are relevant to the main thought
• Coherence & Cohesion


  • achieved when ideas are logically, clearly, and smoothly linked to one another
• Coherence


  •occurs when ideas are connected at the conceptual or idea level

  •seen through well defended arguments and organized points

  •incoherent: if there are sentences that are misplaced or in the wrong order
• Cohesion


  •connection of ideas at the sentence level

  •seen through a smooth flow of the sentences and the connection of the ideas

  •3 Techniques:-use of pronouns to refrain from using a specific word repeatedly-use of transitional devices to connect sentences with linked ideas-repetition of keywords to tie up the paragraphs
• Organization


  • achieved when ideas are logically and accurately arranged
  • knowledge of the parts of a composition is a great help in adhering to the organization of ideas
• Language Use


  • enables the writer to effectively communicate ideas without confusing the reader
  • achieved by observing the following time-tested principles in writing
• Language Use No. 1


  Use clear and concise sentences. On average, a sentence is 18 words long. Note that this does not require every sentence to be composed of exactly 18 words.
• Language Use No. 2


  Avoid redundancies, wordiness, clichés, and hifalutin language.
• Redundancy


  something that is repeated unnecessarily or something that is not useful because there is already another or more advanced version

  Examples: 12 midnight-midnight; free gift-gift; repeat again-repeat; summarize briefly-summarize
• Cliché


  a phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought

  Examples: opposites attract; don’t judge a book by its cover; happily ever after