Module 1

• Philosophy in the popular mind

  is something obscure, weird, and idiosyncratic.
• “Philosophy of Life”

  “The primary vehicle for an

  individual to reach the very

  purpose of life – the

  pursuit of happiness”
• No one can define

  philosophy without embracing the

  “universe”.
• The term “philosophy”

  cannot be defined precisely because

  the subject is so complex and so

  controversial.
• Traditionally, philosophy is defined in

  two fashions:

  Etymological Definition

  Essential Definition
• Etymological Definition

  The term philosophy came from the two

  Greek words; philos which means

  love, and Sophia which means

  wisdom.
• PYTHAGORAS


  He is the first coined the term philosophy
• Ancient Greek three concepts of love

  Eros

  Philia

  Agape
• EROS (Greek erasthai)


  refer to that part of love constitutes a passionate, intense desire for something, it is often referred to as sexual desire
• PHILIA

  entails a fondness and appreciation of the other.
• Philia for the Greeks


  not just friendship, but also loyalties to family and polis – one’s political community, job, or discipline.
• AGAPE


  refers to the paternal love of God for man and but extended to include a brotherly love for all humanity
• Philosophy


  is the love that devotes itself in attaining what is true of reality
• Pythagoras' three classifications of men

  the lovers of pleasure,

  the lovers of success and

  the lovers of wisdom.
• wisdom is only possessed by those who has mastered and utilized knowledge for the benefit of the self and society.
• Essential Definition of philosophy


  is the “search for meaning”. The ‘search’ means to look for something more, to probe, to go beyond.
• philosophy as the ‘science of all sciences’; as mother of all sciences’, or the “search for the ultimate meaning of reality”.
• The most significant task of philosophy is to evaluate the totality of the human experience.
• philosophy


  • is a study that seeks to understand the mysteries of existence and reality.
  • a process of inquiry involving analysis, criticism, interpretation, speculation, and reflection of reality.
• Philosophy and Other Sciences

  Philosophy and Science

  Philosophy and History

  Philosophy and Mathematics

  Philosophy and Religion
• Philosophy and Science


  both discuss the fundamental truths about the universe. These fields study nature and life.
• Philosophy and History


  fields that are dependent on each other. History serves as the breeding ground of philosophy. Philosophy, on the other, defines history and interprets its existence for a better understanding of the past, a clear view of the present, and a more positive outlook in anticipation of the future.
• Philosophy and Mathematics


  These are both logical bodies of knowledge.
• Philosophy and Religion


  This means that religion is generally a philosophical culmination of basic

  complex ideas about almost everything both justifiable or not, while philosophy is a religious context that tries to concretize divine

  beliefs, ideas, opinions, facts and supposition in order that the world will be aware of it and believe in it.
• Major Disciplines in Philosophy

  Logic

  Epistemology

  Metaphysics

  Aesthetics

  Cosmology

  Theodicy

  Social Philosophy

  Ethics
• Logic


  the study of right and sound reasoning.
• Epistemology


  the study of the validity of knowledge.
• Metaphysics


  seeks to explain the fundamental concept being.
• Aesthetics


  the philosophical study of beauty.
• Cosmology


  deals with the study of real things in the universe.
• Theodicy


  the study of God and His nature.
• Social Philosophy


  the study of human and their relation to society.
• Ethics


  the science of the morality of human acts.
• Ethics from its Greek word ethos means a characteristic was of doing

  things od body of customs.
• Imperatives of Ethics

  Human Freedom

  Existence of God

  Immortality of the Soul
• Human Freedom

  an inherent human power to actor not to act that makes them responsible for their actions.
• Existence of God

  Without God’s existence that postulates human’s belief, they

  (humans) find no reason to do good and avoid evil.
• Immortality of the Soul


  if there is no life after earth where the soul believed to perpetuate life beyond, then good deeds are not rewarded nor evil doers are

  punished.
• Moral is derived from the Latin word “mos” which means custom.
• Ethics, is also derived from the Greek word “ethikos” which means character.