Nervous System

• 10 Halamang Gamot


  • Yerba buena
  • Sambong
  • Tsaang Gubat
  • Niyog-niyogan
  • Acapulko
  • Ulasimang bato
  • Bawang
  • Ampalaya
  • Bayabas
• Yerba buena


  Analgesic (to relieve body pain), decongestant (to relieve runny nose), antipruritic (reduce itchiness)
• Sambong


  Antihypertension (lowers Blood pressure), Diuretic (pampaihi)
• Tsaang Gubat


  Gastroenteritis (inflammation of stomach and intestines, teeth cavities)
• Niyog-niyogan


  Antihelmithic (to expel parasitic worms)
• Acapulko


  Antifungal (alipunga, hadhad, etc)
• Ulasimang bato


  Antigout (lowers uric acid), rheumatoid arthritis
• Bawang


  Lowers cholesterol
• Ampalaya


  Lowers blood sugar or glucose, Antidiabetic
• Bayabas


  Antidiarrheal, antiseptic
• Plant Origin of Medicinal Plants and Medical Applications

  • Deadly Night Shade (Atropa belladonna - dilate eye pupils for eye exams)
  • Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea - heart disease, stimulates heartbeat)
  • Yam (Dioscorea spp. - steroid hormones, contraceptive pill, antiasthma)
  • Ephedra (Ephedra spp. - decongestant, bronchodilator)
  • Pacific Yew (Taxus brevifolia - cancer chemotherapy, inhibits mitosis)
  • Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum - analgesic, narcotic)
  • Quinine Tree (Cinchona spp. - antipyretic, antimalarial)
  • Willow (Salix spp. - analgesic, antipyretic)
• Other Important Scientific Names

  • Onion (Allium cepa)
  • Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
  • Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
  • Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
  • Carrots (Daucus carota)
  • Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
  • Radish (Raphanus sativus)
  • Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
  • Malunggay (Moringa oleifera)
  • Ampalaya (Momordica charantia)
  • Mangga (Mangifera indica)
  • Apple (Malus pumila)
  • Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
  • Lemon (Citrus limon)
  • Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis)
  • Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium)
  • Banana (Musa acuminata)
  • Guava (Psidium guajava)
  • Pineapple (Ananas comosus)
  • Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
  • Garlic (Allium sativum)
  • Black Pepper (Piper nigrum)
  • Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum)
  • Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
  • Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
  • Corn (Zea mays)
  • Rice (Oryza sativa)
  • Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
  • Neem (Azadirachta indica)
  • Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
  • Bamboo (Bamboosa aridinarifolia)
  • Sandalwood (Santalum album)
  • Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum)
  • Tea (Camellia sinensis)
  • Betel Nut (Areca catechu)
  • Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
  • Spearmint (Mentha spicata)
  • Coffee (Coffea arabica)
  • Sunflower (Helianthus annus)
  • Sampaguita (Jasminum sambac)
  • Rose (Rosa gallica)
  • Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
  • Santan (Ixora coccinea)
  • Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinsensis)
  • Tulips (Tulipa gesneriana)
  • Calla Lilly (Zantedeschia aethiopica)
• Nervous system


  The network that connects and controls all the other systems in the body

  
• Endocrine system


  Consists of all the glands in the body that release hormones
• Reproductive system


  Also controlled by hormones
• Reproductive hormones affect the development of the nervous system
• Hormones provide feedback to the brain to affect neural processing
• Nervous System Functions


  1. Gathers information from both inside and outside the body - Sensory Function

  2. Transmits information to the processing areas of the brain and spine

  3. Processes the information in the brain and spine – Integration Function

  4. Sends information to the muscles, glands, and organs so they can respond appropriately – Motor Function

  
• Nervous system


  The body's communication system, consisting of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (all other nerves)

  
• Neuron


  Basic functional cell of nervous system, transmits impulses (up to 250 mph)
• Parts of a Neuron

  • Cell Body with nucleus
  • Axon
  • Schwann Cells
  • Myelin sheath
  • Node of Ranvier
  • Dendrite
• Three types of Neurons

  • Sensory neurons – bring messages to CNS
  • Motor neurons - carry messages from CNS
  • Interneurons – between sensory & motor neurons in the CNS
• Stimulus


  A change in the environment with sufficient strength to initiate a response
• Excitability


  The ability of a neuron to respond to the stimulus and convert it into a nerve impulse
• All of Nothing Rule – The stimulus is either strong enough to start and impulse or nothing happens
• Impulses are always the same strength along a given neuron and they are self-propagation – once it starts it continues to the end of the neuron in only one direction- from dendrite to cell body to axon
• Synapse


  Small gap or space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another, where neurotransmitters allow impulses to be started in the second neuron or an effector (muscle or gland)
• Neurotransmitters


  Chemicals in the junction which allow impulses to be started in the second neuron
• Reflex Arc


  1. Receptor - reacts to a stimulus

  2. Afferent pathway (sensory neuron) - conducts impulses to the CNS

  3. Interneuron - consists of one or more synapses in the CNS

  4. Efferent pathway (motor neuron) conducts impulses from CNS to effector

  5. Effector - muscle fibers or glands responds by contracting or secreting a product

  
• Spinal reflexes


  Initiated and completed at the spinal cord level, occur without the involvement of higher brain center
• Regions of the Brain

  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Thalamus
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Brainstem
  • Hypothalamus

  
• Lobes of the Cerebrum

  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
• Spinal Cord


  Part of the central nervous system, allows for upright posture, protection of the spinal cord and shock absorption
• Sections of the Spine

  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
• Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System

  • Somatic Nervous System (voluntary)
  • Autonomic Nervous System (involuntary)
• Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

  • Sympathetic nervous system
  • Parasympathetic nervous system

  
• Sympathetic Nervous System


  Involved in the fight or flight response
• Reproductive hormones affect brain development and sexual behavior
• Hormones involved in the female and male reproductive systems


  • Estrogen
  • Testosterone
  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Progesterone
• Estrogen causes eggs to mature in ovaries once a girl hits puberty