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digestive system, organisation, enzymes
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freya r
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Cards (45)
what is the order of organization hierarchy? (smallest to largest)
organelles,
cells
,
tissues
, organs, organ systems, organism
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define cell
the smallest
structural
and functional unit of an organism (eg. nerve
cell
)
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define tissue
group of
cells
that are similar in structure and
function
(eg. muscle tissue)
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define organ
a
group
of
tissues
working
together
to
perform
specific
functions
(eg. heart)
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define organism
a
group
of
organ systems
working
together
(eg. human)
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the digestive system is found where in the structural hierarchy?
an
organ
system
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what is the digestive system's purpose?
to
digest
and
absorb nutrients
from
the
food
we consume
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what are some examples of macronutrients?
carbohydrates
,
lipids
,
proteins
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what are some examples of micronutrients?
vitamins
,
minerals
,
fibres
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what are carbohydrates needed for?
energy
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What are carbohydrates made of?
sugars
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what are carbohydrates found in?
bread
,
potatoes
,
beans
,
dairy
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what is protein needed for?
growth
,
repair
,
maintenance
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what is protein made of?
amino acids
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what is protein found in?
meat
,
fish
,
eggs
,
nuts
,
dairy
products
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what are lipids needed for?
energy
storage
,
insulation
and
protecting organs
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What are lipids made of?
glycerol
and
fatty
acids
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what are lipids found in?
fats
,
oils
,
dairy
,
avocado
,
meats
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what are vitamins needed for?
energy metabolism
,
keeping
the
body
balanced
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what are vitamins made of?
small
molecules
that are
organic
substances
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what are vitamins found in?
fruit
,
veg
,
meat
,
fish
,
sunlight
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what are minerals needed for?
healthy bones
and
teeth
and to
build
other
tissues
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what are minerals made of?
small
molecules
found in
trace
amounts
(eg.
potassium
,
iron
,
Mg
)
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what are minerals found in?
fruit
,
veg
,
meat
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what are fibers needed for?
assist
in
digestion
and
keeps
the
process
regular
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what are fibers made of?
large molecules
that
cannot
be
absorbed
into
blood
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what can fibers be found in?
found in
bread
,
cereals
,
grains
,
beer
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what is differentiation?
the
process
by which
cells
become
specialized
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what is a
catalyst
?
substance that
speeds
up the rate of a chemical
reaction
without being changed or using up during the reaction
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what are enzymes?
biological catalysts
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what is the
active
site?
the region on the
enzyme
where the
substrate
binds
and
breaks down
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what are the factors that affect enzyme activity?
temperature
,
pH
,
substrate concentration
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what are substrates?
reactants
in
an
enzyme-catalyzed reaction
(
lock
and
key
)
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define denaturation
an
enzyme
that has
lost
its
shape
and can
no
longer
function
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what do enzymes do to our metabolism?
enzymes are proteins that
help
speed
up
metabolism
, or the
chemical
reactions
that take place in our bodies
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what are
carbohydrases
?
enzymes
that
break
down
carbohydrates
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what are the sites of production?
amylase
,
protease
,
lipases
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what is
amylase
?
enzyme
that
breaks
down
starch
into
simple
sugars
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what are
proteases
?
enzymes
that
break
down
proteins
into
amino acids
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what are
lipases
?
enzymes
that break down
lipids
into
fatty acids
and
glycerol
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