History (Elizabeth)

• nobility

  Belonging to the aristocracy – the highest class in Elizabethan society
• accession 


  becoming king or queen
• monarch 


  A king or queen
• Hierarchy


  A system in which people or things are arranged/ranked according to their important/power/wealth or status
• Divine right

  The belief that the monarch’s right to rule came from God
• Legitimate

  The belief that the monarch’s right to rule came from God
• Succession

  The issue of who was going to succeed the throne after the existing monarch Died
• Reformation

  the protestant movement that swept across Europe challenging the teachings of the Catholic Church
• Vestments

  Fancy, highly decorated roes worn by priests in the Catholic Church
• Recusant


  Catholics who were unwilling to attend church services set down by the Elizabethan Settlemen
• Crucifix


  Symbol of Jesus on the cross
• Clergy


  Religious leaders such as bishops and priests
• privy council 


  A group of advisors who help the monarch govern
• royal court


  The extended royal household including nobles, foreign visitors and servant
• Elizabeth I

  Ruled from 1558-1603 for 44 years, famous for never getting married, nicknamed the 'Virgin Queen'
• Elizabeth I

  • Father was Henry VIII, Mother was Anne Boleyn (2nd wife of Henry VIII, she was beheaded), Half-sister was Mary I (known as 'Bloody Mary'), Cousin was Mary, Queen of Scots
• Elizabeth I

  • Very intelligent, well-educated, fluent in Latin, Greek, French and Italian, understood how politics worked, confident and charismatic, made great speeches
• Elizabeth I

  • Had a bad temper which people feared, took a long time to make up her mind on serious matters, her Privy Council and advisers could find her extremely frustrating
• Elizabeth I was two years old when Henry VIII had her mother, Anne Boleyn, executed
• During Edward VI's reign, Thomas Seymour tried to get close to the young Elizabeth despite being three times her age, he wanted to marry her and use her to make himself more powerful
• During Mary I's reign, the Protestant leader of the Wyatt rebellion claimed Elizabeth had supported the rebellion, Elizabeth was arrested and sent to the Tower of London
• Society under Elizabeth I

  Hierarchical structure, with the monarch at the top, followed by the nobility, gentry, yeoman, and the landless/labouring poor at the bottom
• Elizabeth I's key problems included legitimacy, marriage, and finances
• Religious Settlement under Elizabeth I

  The Act of Supremacy made England officially Protestant, the Act of Uniformity required everyone to attend the Protestant church
• The religious settlement was a compromise that angered both moderate Protestants and Catholics
• The Puritan challenge to the religious settlement was a source of weakness for Elizabeth I
• Mary, Queen of Scots, was a Catholic rival to Elizabeth I's throne
• There were several plots and rebellions against Elizabeth I, including the Ridolfi Plot, the Throckmorton Plot, and the Northern Rebellion
• Elizabeth I faced foreign threats from Spain, including the Spanish Armada in 1588
• rural 


  population of the countryside
• Elizabeth I's relationship with the Dutch was complicated, she initially refused to help them against the Spanish but later provided some support
• Sir Francis Drake's raid on Cadiz and the defeat of the Spanish Armada were major victories for Elizabeth I
• The defeat of the Spanish Armada was a great propaganda victory for Elizabeth I, and she took advantage of it to portray herself as a powerful monarch
• arable farming

  growing crops on farmland
• subsistence farming 


  growing just enough to feed the family but not to sell
• vagabonds 


  homeless people without jobs , who roamed around the countryside begging for money
• recession

  falling prices and business losing money . this can lead to unemployment
• astrolabe

  an instrument used by sailors to help with navigation of the sea
• quadrant

  like an astrolabe , it was used by sailors to help with navigation of the sea
• colonies

  lands under the control or influence of another country - occupied by people from that country