Globalization

• Globalization


  A process
• Globalism


  A belief
• Religion


  • Much more than culture
  • Has the most difficult relationship with globalism - entirely
• Religion and Globalism clash over the fact that religious Evangelization is a form of globalization
• Groups that isolate themselves to focus on their beliefs

  • Followers of Dalai Lama - Tibet
  • Buddhist monasteries
  • Rizalistas of Mt. Banahaw
  • Mormons from Utah
• These groups believe that living among "non-believers" will distract them and abandon their faith and thus become sinners
• Religious communities justify their opposition to government authority on religious grounds
• Peter Berger: 'The "contemporary world is . . . furiously religious."'
• Religions are the foundations of modern republics
• Examples of religions being central to political systems


  • The Malaysian government places religion at the center of the political system
  • For Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini, the late Iranian religious leader, secular ideologies were all same flawed, but Islamic rule was the superior system of government because it was spiritual
  • They called Iran as "Republic" - secular term
• Religious movements do not hesitate to appropriate secular themes and practices
• Example of a religious movement appropriating secular themes and practices


  • Nadhlatul Ulama, a moderate Muslim association in Indonesia has Islamic schools (pesantren) - students are taught not only about Islam but also about modern science, social sciences, modern banking, civic education, rights of women, pluralism, and democracy
• Religion was also the result of a shift in state policy
• Examples of religion being shaped by state policy

  • To bolster his own power, King Henry VIII broke away from Roman Catholicism and established his own Church
  • In The United States, religion and law were fused together to help build "modern secular society"
• Alexis de Tocqueville: 'Not only do the Americans practice their religion out of self-interest but they often even place in this world the interest which they have in practicing it.'
• Jose Casanova: 'Historically, religion has always been at the very center of all political conflicts and movements of social reform: from independence to abolition, from nativism to women's suffrage, from prohibition to civil rights movement...'
• Religion may dislike globalization but it is using its resources to promote its cause
• Resources religion uses to promote its cause

  • Technology
  • Modern management and Marketing tools
  • The full range of modern means of communication
• Religion may benefit from the processes of globalization but its tension with globalization will always be there
• Religion


  A collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and world views that establishes symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and to moral values
• Globalization


  The networking and expansion of local products, beliefs, and practices into universal products, beliefs, and practices often through technology
• Most known religions across the world

  • Christianity
  • Islam
  • Hinduism
  • Buddhism
• Christianity


  Held the belief that Jesus is God, with 2.4 billion followers, Founded: 1st A.D, Founder: Jesus Christ
• Islam


  An Abrahamic monotheistic religious group teaching that there is only one God, and that Muhammad is the messenger of God, World's second-largest religion and with over 1.8 billion followers, Founder: Muhammad, Birthplace: Saudi Arabia, Founded: Circa 610 A.D
• Hinduism


  Polytheism / many gods, With 811million followers, Indian religion or way of life, No known founder, 2300 BS to 1500 BC
• Buddhism


  The 4th largest religion, with over 520 million followers, known as Buddhists, Siddhartha Gautama Buddha, Founded: 6th Century BC
• Tools of uniting people all over the world on a religious basis

  • Books
  • Movies
  • Cellphone apps
  • Social networks
  • Charity funds
  • Special internet sits
  • Religious schools
• Migration of faiths across the globe has been a major feature of the world throughout the 20th century - religion therefore is going global
• Problems religion provides answers to

  • It provides a sense of identity
  • Traditional religious leadership provides a sense of accountability
  • Religion offers a sense of security
• Globalization has a great impact on religion. As people and culture move across the globe, as ideas are mobilized and transported by media technology, religious globalization will go on and on
• Globalization has its pros and cons: people should cope with the flow of information and choose their own, peaceful way
• Globalization entails the spread of various cultures and ideas; significant roles are: enhancing globalization, facilitating cultural exchange, multiple flow of information and images between countries
• Globalization relies on media as its main conduit for the spread of global cultures and ideas
• Jack Lule: 'Could global trade have evolved without a flow of information on markets, prices, commodities, and more?'
• There is an intimate relationship between globalization and media
• Media forms


  • PRINT MEDIA - include books, magazines, newspapers
  • BROADCAST MEDIA - radio, films, and television
  • DIGITAL MEDIA - cover the internet and mobile mass communication
• Marshall McLuhan: 'The medium is the message'
• Marshall McLuhan meant to draw attention to how media (as a form of technology) reshape behavior and simultaneously extend human senses
• TV is not a simple bearer of messages; it also shapes the social and reorient family behavior
• Other media brought remarkable change such as the way people interact or behave