UCSP

• Anthropology


  The study of humankind in all times and all places, including human origin, globalization, social change, and world history
• Goals of Anthropology


  • Discover what makes people different from one another in order to understand and preserve diversity
  • Discover what all people have in common
  • Look at one's own culture more objectively like an outsider
  • Produce new knowledge and new theories about humankind and human behavior
• Fields of Anthropology


  • Cultural Anthropology
  • Linguistic Anthropology
  • Archaeology
  • Biological Anthropology
• Sociology


  The systematic study of groups and societies that people build and how these affect their behavior
• Sociology was coined by August Comte, who was regarded as the "Father of Sociology"
• The scientific study of Sociology enables us to

  • Obtain possible theories and principles about society as well as various aspects of social life
  • Critically study the nature of humanity, which also leads to examining our roles within the society
  • Appreciate that all things (in society) are interdependent with each other
  • Broaden our familiarity on sociological facts, which are acquired through empirical process
  • Expose our minds to the different perspectives on attaining the truth
• Branches of Sociology


  • Social Organization
  • Social Psychology
  • Applied Sociology
  • Population Studies
  • Human Ecology
  • Sociological Theory and Research
  • Social Change
• Political Science


  The academic discipline that deals with the study of government and political processes, institutions, and behaviors
• Politics


  The art and science of governing city/state, the social process or strategy in any position of control which people gain, use, or lose power
• Government


  The agency to which the will of the state is formulated, expressed, and carried out, the organized agency in a state tasked to impose social control, a group of people that governs a community or unit
• The government exists for the benefit of the governed, not for the government officials to benefit from the people
• State


  A community of persons more or less numerous permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom from external control
• Nation


  An ethnic concept which means that people are bound together by common ethnical elements such as race, language, and culture
• Culture can be defined as the sum total of ways of living built up by a group of human beings over time and within the environment.
• Culture refers to the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterize an institution, organization, or group.
• The term "culture" is derived from the Latin word cultura, which means to cultivate or develop.
• Unilineal Evolutionism


  New cultural forms emerge from the past that pass through similar stages of development
• Unilineal Evolutionism


  • From Animism to Monotheism i.e. Roman Catholic or Islam
• Culture


  A people's way of life, encompassing beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society
• Cultural Diffusionism


  Culture originates from one or more culture centers, which are results of borrowed elements of the new culture
• Cultural Diffusionism


  • Filipino culture is influenced by Western civilization brought by the colonization of Western countries i.e. Spain
• The What, How, and Why of Culture

  • The What - Refers to the contents of culture
  • The How - Refers to the processes that guarantee the transmission of the contents
  • The Why - Refers to the reasons for compliance and the mechanism that facilitate performance
• The Anatomy of Culture and Society

  • Anthropology
  • Sociology
• Historical Particularism


  Each group of people has its own unique culture influenced by its history, geography, and environment
• Actions


  • Learned
  • Shared
  • Communicated
• Historical Particularism


  • Filipino people are influenced by superstitious beliefs, which originate from their ancestors
• Enculturation


  The gradual acquisition of the characteristics and norms of a culture or group by a person, another culture, etc.
• Anthropological Functionalism


  Cultural elements and practices are interrelated and interdependent and persist because they have a purpose
• Anthropological Functionalism


  • Filipinos' actions are influenced strongly by their religion
• Culture Shock


  The feeling of uncertainty, confusion, or anxiety that people experience when visiting, doing business in, or living in a society that is different from their own
• Anthropological Structuralism


  Cultural phenomena and practices have a relationship to one another by which human organize and structure their experiences
• Anthropological Structuralism


  • Father and Son; Husband and Wife
• Aspects of Culture


  • Explicit culture - similarities in words and actions which can be directly observed
  • Implicit culture - abstract forms that are not quite obvious
• Characteristics of Culture


  • Culture is social because it is the product of behavior
  • Culture varies from society to society
  • Culture is shared
  • Culture is learned
  • Culture is transmitted among members of society
  • Culture is continuous and cumulative
  • Culture is gratifying and idealistic
• Cultural Materialism


  Culture is influenced by technology, resources, economic values, and the utilization of things
• Functions of Culture


  • Culture defines the situation
  • Culture defines attitudes, values, and goals
  • Culture defines myths, legends, and the supernatural
  • Culture provides behavior patterns
• Cultural Materialism


  • Pork is prohibited in the Muslim diet
• Ethnocentrism


  The tendency of each society to place its cultural patterns at the center of all things, and the practice of comparing other cultural practices with those of one's own and automatically finding those other cultural practices to be inferior
• Cultural Relativism


  The idea that all norms, beliefs, and values are dependent on their cultural context and should be treated as such
• Functionalism


  Society as an organized network cooperating groups operating orderly to generally accepted norms