SCIENCE 2

• Embryology


  The scientific study of embryos and their development
• Homologous Structure


  Physical structures of organisms that have the same evolutionary origin and positions
• Vestigal Structure


  • Structure of animals which is gradually disappearing like the pelvic bone of a snake
  • A structure of an organism with few or no functions but is clearly homologous to the structure of another organism
• Genetics


  Has shown that all life consists of similarities in nucleotide sequence and proteins
• Fossils


  The preserved remains of plants and animals
• Living things produce more offspring than actually survive


  • The environment cannot support every living thing that is born
• Each organism has the ability to survive


  • Not all organisms can survive if there are not enough food resources and shelter
• Variation within a species


  • Members of a species have variations and differences
• Variation of members of a species


  • When organisms possess good traits to survive or reproduce, they are better than others
• Living things that survive and reproduce


  • Pass their genetic traits to their offspring
• Gene Flow


  The transfer of alleles from the former population to another population
• Genetic Drift


  A change in allele frequencies that affect an organism to be eliminated
• Mutation


  • New alleles can form through mutation that will create another genetic variation needed for evolution
  • Occurs in the DNA sequence, which causes a nucleotide base to be inserted, deleted, or substituted
• Sexual Selection


  • Unique traits of many animals improve mating success for evolution
  • Mating is an important effect on the evolution of a population
• Intersexual selection


  Happens when a male displays unique traits that attract the female
• Intrasexual selection


  Happens when there is competition among males
• Water


  • The most essential abiotic factor which helps most living things survive
• Temperature


  • The heat and cold equilibrium in combination with many environmental factors that governs several physiological and biological process of the earth
• Light


  • The main source of energy for all plants and algae
• Atmospheric Pressure


  • Due to the gravitational force of Earth in which the atmospheric gases are pulled toward the surface which produces air pressure
• Chemical Components


  • Chemical Components such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, are essential of life
• Adaptation


  It happens when a gene mutates or changes by accident
• Structural Adaptation


  Refers to the physical characteristics of an organism that help them to survive in its ecosystem
• Body parts of animals that help them survive

  • The shape of a bird's beak helps them to procure food from their surroundings
  • The number of fingers helps them to feed themselves
  • The color of the fur and skin helps them to protect themselves from fast-changing weather conditions
  • The thickness or thinness of the body covering and other derivatives protect themselves in case of danger
• Hibernate


  • Winter Sleep
  • To be safe from cold weather that could freeze them to death
• Estivation


  • Summer Sleep
  • Animals that live in deserts go into a kind of deep sleep during summer
• Biodiversity


  The sum of all the different species occupying a wide variety of ecosystems and the foundation of life on Earth
• Species Diversity


  It refers to the different species within a region or community
• Genetic Diversity


  It refers to the variation of genes within species
• Ecosystem Diversity


  It refers to the different biomes which are called the world's major communities which are characterized by adaptations of organisms in a particular environment
• Carrying Capacity


  The maximum number of individuals of a given species that an area's resources can sustain without significantly
• Carrying Capacity factors


  • The number of resources available in the ecosystem
  • Environmental conditions and amount of living space
  • Overpopulation
• Immigration


  The transfer of individuals from one population to another due to weather conditions in the environment and lack of food supply
• Emigration


  The transfer of individuals out of a population and into another population
• Birth


  It refers to the emergence of a young animal or a human into the outside world
• Deaths


  The size of a population declines when individuals die
• Thomas Malthus


  • An English Economist
  • Wrote "An Essay on ther Principle of Population"
  • Describes a forthcoming population catastrophe
• Global Warming


  • It is the rapid increase of temperature in the atmosphere due to greenhouse gases such as cabron monoxide, sulfur oxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides
• Major Human Activities that Contribute to Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere

  • Burning natural gas, coal, and oil use
  • Farming practices and land use
  • Factories and industrial plants
  • Deforestation
• Population Growth


  • The faster the increase of the human population, the more it contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases