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Chemistry AS
Unit 2
Alkanes
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Cards (14)
methyl butane
Functional group is
C-C single
bond
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Intermolecular forces
Van der Waals
forces
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Increasing chain length
Increases
melting
/boiling points due to
stronger van der Waals forces
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All alkanes are
saturated
hydrocarbons</b>
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All
carbon-carbon
bonds in alkanes are
single
bonds
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Hydrocarbon
A molecule containing only
carbon
and
hydrogen
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Sigma (σ) bond
A normal covalent bond formed by the
overlap
of
atomic
orbitals
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All
C-C-H
bonds in alkanes can be considered as
tetrahedral
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Physical properties of alkanes
Melting/boiling points
increase
with
chain length
Branching decreases
melting/boiling points due to less efficient
packing
Solubility in water
decreases
with increasing
chain length
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Combustion of alkanes
Complete combustion with excess oxygen produces
CO2
and
H2O
Incomplete combustion with limited oxygen produces
CO
and
H2O
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Halogenation of alkanes
1.
Initiation
2.
Propagation
3.
Termination
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Reaction mechanism
Shows the
steps
in a chemical reaction
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Photochlorination of methane
Initiation
: Cl2 -> 2Cl
Propagation
: Cl + CH4 -> HCl + CH3
Termination
: CH3 + CH3 -> C2H6
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The mechanism for
halogenation
of alkanes is
free radical substitution
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