devc 30 u1 mod 1 historical perspective

• Benjamin Franklin’s discovery of electricity in 1752
• the invention of the electromagnetic and wireless telegraphs by Samuel F.B. Morse (1835) and Guglielmo Marconi (1895)
• the discovery of the electron tube by Thomas Alva Edison in 1833.
• the first long-distance broadcast of Reginald Fessenden from

  Brant Rock, Massachusetts to radio operators of ships in the Atlantic Ocean
• the sinking of the Titanic in April 1912 highlighted the significance of radio for public service.
• Radio broadcasting flourished in the USA, with the birth of the radio industry in the 1920s
• the golden age of radio in the 1930s to 1940s.
• In 1948, radio became the most important communication medium in the USA.
• In the Philippines, radio broadcasting began in 1922.
• In 1942, the Japanese army shutdown all radio stations in the Philippines and retained one station (KZRH, renamed as Philippine Islands Amplitude Mode or PIAM) to serve as their central mouthpiece.
• When the war ended in 1945, the number of radio stations increased exponentially from 8 to 22 stations in the Philippines.
• The UPLB College of Development Communication’s Radyo DZLB first aired on 2 August 1964, and it is the oldest and the first rural educational non-commercial broadcasting entity in the Philippines.
• In 1966, there were already 202 radio stations in the Philippines.
• From this point forward until the declaration of martial law, several problems characterized the Philippine radio broadcasting industry.
• overcapacity - there was no control in terms of number of advertisers of a radio station.
• practice of “payola” or bribery of individuals to radio stations to create better images of themselves.
• The increasing number of radio stations made it difficult for the Radio Control Office to regulate and allocate frequencies.
• Enforcement of program standards was challenging, which led to a lack of quality programs.
• The implemented broadcasting laws were archaic because they were adopted from the American regime and not yet modified to suit the current conditions.
• Poor economic conditions also led to poor quality programming.
• When the country was declared under martial law, the country’s radio broadcasting system became commercially driven and escapist in nature. It served political parties. Because of a lack of trained manpower, it lacked professionalism and programs had poor quality.
• When the martial law era ended in 1986 due to the EDSA Revolution:

  • many changes occurred in the Philippine broadcasting industry.
  • the industry was predominantly commercialized
  • an exam for accreditation was established for broadcasters, which led to better professionals and better programming.
  • Stations were required to obtain permits to broadcast
  • more community-based and public service programs emerged.
• As of the year 2000,

  • there were 350 local broadcasting stations in the Philippines, and 90% of these were privately owned.
  • Some national networks include Bombo Radyo Philippines, Consolidated Broadcasting Systems, Far Eastern Broadcasting Company, GMA Network Inc., and ABS-CBN.
  • Radio broadcasting corporations include the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster sa Pilipinas and the Tambuli Community Radio.
• The development of the TV set can be divided into two periods:

  • the birth of mechanical television
  • the invention of electronic television.
• Events that led to the invention of mechanical television include

  • the discovery of photoconductivity of selenium by Willoughby Smith in 1873,
  • the invention of the scanning disk by Paul Nipkow in 1884
  • the demonstration of televised moving images by John Logie Baird in 1927.
• In 1873, telegraph engineers Willoughby Smith and Joseph May accidentally discovered that more electricity flows through selenium in light than it does in the dark. This gave future inventors a way of transforming images into electrical signals.
• a year after 1873, Paul Nipkow proposed and patented the first electromechanical television system.
• His scanning device (called Nipkow’s Disc) gave television its first practical means for transmitting pictures. The disc permits the image to be broken up into elements that could be transmitted as electrical impulses.
• The Nipkow’s Disc presented TV with the instrument that had the greatest survival value of all mechanical scanning devices.
• The first public demonstration of mechanical TV was in 1925, when John Logie Baird was able to transmit moving images using a mechanical disc.
• In 1896, German scientist Karl Ferdinand Braun invented the cathode ray tube (CRT) scanning device.
• Electronic TV is based on the development of the CRT, and the CRT is the picture tube that would later be found in modern TV sets.
• In 1907, Alan Campbell-Swinton proposed an electronic TV system with a cathode ray tube as both scanner and receiver, which reproduced an image.
• In 1923, Vladimir Zworykin demonstrated his iconoscope tube, the first practical TV camera tube.
• By 1929, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) developed the kinescope, an improved picture tube.
• In 1930, finally, an electronic scanning system for home TV viewing was introduced by Philo Farnsworth, who is considered the father of TV.
• Philo Farnsworth was the first inventor to transmit to television image comprised of 60 horizontal lines. Farnsworth produced an all-electronic TV image using his wife, Pem, as the first human subject to be transmitted on television.
• Regular TV broadcasts began in 1939 when RCA introduced TV sets at the World Fair.
• RCA made the first true public demonstration of TV in the form of regularly scheduled 2-hour National Broadcasting Company (NBC) broadcasts, which mostly featured cooking demonstrations, singers, jugglers, comedians, puppets, among others.
• Sound and color in TV programs first appeared in 1928. Sound was adopted in motion pictures, while a crude form of colored TV was introduced.