week6

• Early Conflicts in India

  • Mughals
  • Marathas
  • Sikhs
• Fights between groups in India

  Made it easy for the British and French to get involved in India
• British East India Company

  • Took over parts of India, starting with cities like Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta
  • Beat the French in India and took control of Bengal by 1757
  • Kept adding more Indian areas by fighting or tricking local rulers
• British rulers


  Were also businesspeople from the British East India Company
• How Britain ruled India


  • Some Indian rulers agreed to work under them
  • Those who didn't lose their land
  • India was split: some parts were ruled directly by Britain, and some parts had local kings but were watched by the British
• Changes and reforms made by the British in India


  • Started schools
  • Changed laws
  • Stopped old Indian practices they didn't like and started new ones, like better women's rights and stopping banditry
  • Brought in things like railroads and telegraphs, which changed how people lived and worked
• Many Indians didn't like the new rules or the way the British were changing things


  In 1857, Indian soldiers started a big rebellion because of a problem with their gun cartridges that went against their religious beliefs
• The British stopped the 1857 rebellion harshly and took complete control away from the East India Company
• After the 1857 rebellion


  • Britain made the governor-general the viceroy and gave him more power
  • Indians got some jobs in the government but couldn't get very high up
  • The British made their own rules and divided Indian society to control it better
• British schools taught English and British ways


  Helped start a feeling of Indian nationalism
• How Indian nationalism grew

  • Over time, more Indians wanted their country to be independent and run by Indians
  • In 1885, the Indian National Congress started, pushing for more Indian control and rights
• Reasons for growing discontent in India

  • British taxes and policies made life hard for many Indians
  • Bad weather and diseases made things worse
  • When the British made a big change in 1905 by splitting Bengal, it made many Indians angry and pushed them to boycott British goods
• The British made some small changes to calm people down, but it wasn't enough
• Indian leaders and groups wanted real independence, not just small changes
• The push for freedom got stronger, especially after World War I
• Europeans in Southeast Asia

  • In the 1600s and 1700s, started big farms (plantations) to grow things like coffee and tea because the world wanted these products
  • Found and used the area's minerals
  • Tried to stop local fights and theft to make their work easier
  • Brought in some changes thinking they were helping, which made some locals want their own countries
• British territories in Southeast Asia


  • Took over Sri Lanka, Malaya, and Burma between the 1700s and 1800s
  • These places had valuable stuff like tea and rubber and were good spots to control sea routes
  • Fought three wars to control Burma and added it to their Indian territory
• French in Asia


  • Got more involved in the 1800s in Vietnam and Cambodia
  • Fought with Vietnam and made them give up land and let French missionaries move freely
  • Expanded their control and made a big empire in the area, leading to local people wanting independence
• Thailand was smart and updated its systems under two kings, avoiding takeover by France or Britain
• Dutch in Indonesia


  • Controlled Indonesia, making the locals grow crops for them, which helped the Dutch but was hard on the locals
  • Had a strict system where locals had to dedicate land and time to grow stuff for the government, which was tough but made the region very productive
• Over time, people in Indonesia wanted to run their own country, inspired by local leaders and movements
• In all these places, people started to want to govern themselves, inspired by new ideas and leaders from their own regions