GCSE Biology H

• Lysosomes break down waste products and recycle them into energy.
• Bile is used for emulsification and the neutralisation of stomach acid. Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
• Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose.
• Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
• Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell division.
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
• The aorta is the largest artery in the body and carries blood away from the heart.
• Plasma is the liquid part of blood that contains dissolved substances and carries oxygen and nutrients.
• Haemoglobin are the red blood cells that carry oxygen around the body. It gives blood its red colour.
• Platelets cause blood clots to form. They travel to the site of injury to prevent infection.
• The cornea is the transparent layer at the front of the eye that refracts light.

  
• The iris is the coloured part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil.

  
• The pupil is the opening of the eye that allows light to enter the eye.

  
• The lens is a transparent structure that changes shape to focus light onto the retina.

  
• The optic nerve is the nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain.

  
• The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye and forms the visual image.

  
• A zygote is a fertilised egg.
• The atrium receives blood and pumps it into the ventricles.
• The ventricles receive blood from the atrium and pumps it into the aorta.
• Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body.
• Veins carry blood to the heart.
• The pulmonary vein is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
• The pulmonary artery is the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
• The vena cava is the largest vein in the body and carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
• AIDS are a more severe form of HIV.
• Measles is a viral infection that causes a red rash and a fever.
• Malaria is a disease caused by protists and is spread by mosquitoes.
• Monoclonal antibodies are produced by cloning a single antibody gene. They are used for pregnancy tests and treatments of diseases.
• Specific defences are the body's response to a specific pathogen, such as antibodies and antitoxins. Non-specific defences are the body's general response to any invading organism, such as tears and stomach acid.
• Cellular respiration is the process of respiration that occurs all the time in the body.
• ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate.
• Abstinence refers to not having any sexual intercourse.
• Accommodation refers to the process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects.
• ADH is a hormone that causes the kidneys to release more water.
• Coordination centres are found in the brain and spinal cord and are responsible for the control of the body's movements.
• Deamination refers to the removal of an amino group from a molecule.
• Dialysis is a process where blood is filtered artificially in the result of kidney failure.
• Effectors are muscles or glands that respond to the nervous system and produce a response.
• Ethene in plants is used to control the ripening of fruit and flowers.
• FSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that causes an egg to mature in the ovaries.