B1 AO1

• All cells arise from other ______________

  cells
• Prokaryotic cells form new cells by ______________ _______________

  binary fission
• Name two types of cell division.

  mitosis and meiosis
• What is the role of the cell surface membrane?

  Selectively permeable to control the exchange of material
• Give two types of molecule found in plasma membranes.

  phospholipids, proteins
• Which type of cell has internal membranes?

  eukaryotic cell
• What is the role of the nucleus?

  stores DNA in the form of chromatin
• What is the role of the nucleolus?

  makes ribosomes
• What is the role of chloroplasts?


  absorb light energy for photosynthesis
• Where are chloroplasts found?

  plants and algae
• What is role of Golgi apparatus?

  modifies and packages proteins, adds carbohydrates to form glycoproteins
• What type of cell will have a lot of Golgi apparatus?


  cells which secrete proteins or glycoproteins such as beta cells of the islets of langerhans
• What is the role of lysosomes?

  contain lysosymes which hydrolyse pathogens or worn out organelles
• What is the difference between RER and SER?

  rough contains ribosomes on surface, smooth does not
• What is the role of the RER?

  transports proteins made at ribosomes
• What is the role of the SER?

  synthesise, store and secrete lipids
• What type of cell have a cell wall?

  prokaryotes and some eukaryotes - plants, fungi
• Eukaryotic cells undergo what to become suited to a particular job?

  differentiation/specialisation
• Name a cell that has microvilli.

  epithelial cells of the ileum
• Where are cristae found?

  mitochondria
• What is the role of the cell vacuole?

  storage of water/sugars needed for growth, waste disposal and turgidity
• Give 4 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

  linear DNA vs circular DNA / nucleus vs no nucleus / membrane bound organelles vs none (like mitochondria, chloroplast, golgi body) / 80S ribosomes vs 70S ribosomes
• What type of cell has a plasmid?

  prokaryotes / bacteria
• What type of particle is described as acellular and non-living?

  virus
• Many cancer treatments target what?

  DNA synthesis in interphase of rapidly dividing cells
• What is a polymer?

  substances made of repeating monomers
• What monomer are polysaccharides made from?

  monosaccharides
• What monomer are polynucleotides made from?

  nucleotides
• What monomer are polypeptides made from?

  amino acids
• What type of reaction breaks down polymers into monomers?

  hydrolysis
• Name 3 common monosaccharides

  glucose, fructose, galactose
• What type of reaction joins two monosaccharides together?

  condensation
• A hydrolysis reaction involves the use of what type of molecule?

  water
• What type of bond links two monosaccharides together?

  glycosydic
• What is formed when two monosaccharides join together?

  disaccharide
• What disaccharide is formed from the condensation of 2 molecules of glucose?

  maltose
• What disaccharide is formed from the condensation of glucose and fructose?

  sucrose
• What disaccharide is formed from the condensation of glucose and galactose?

  lactose
• What word describes the relationship between alpha and beta glucose?

  isomers
• From what monomer is glycogen made?

  alpha glucose