Refers to removal and storage of blood or blood components from a donor-patient before an elective procedure, for reinfusion during or after the procedure
Preoperative Collection (Predeposit)
Blood is collected before a surgical procedure and simultaneously replaced a comparable volume of crystalloid or colloid solution. Blood collected can be saved and retransfused as fresh whole blood
Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution
Involves collection and reinfusion of blood lost by a patient during the surgery a device that utilizes vacuum is used to collect shed blood; blood is then washed with saline and then concentrated to reach a hematocrit of 50 to 60%
intraoperative Collection
Blood is collected from a drainage tube placed at the surgical site. It is reinfused with or without processing via a microaggregate filter to screen out any debris
Postoperative Collection
is a unit collected under the same requirements as those for allogeneic donor, except that the unit collected is directed toward a specific patient.
Directed Donation
Derived from a greekword “aphairos” which means “to separate or remove or take from”
APHERESIS
Use anticoagulants tp prevent blood from clotting as it enters the separation machine-the most common anticoagulant is _____
acid citrate dextrose
Performed in cycles or passes
Intermittent flow centrifugation
blood is drawn and reinfused through the same needle
one-arm procedure
blood is drawn on one arm and reinfused on the other arm.
two-arm procedure
Involves withdrawal, processing and reinfusing of blood to the individual simultaneously. Does not involve cycles or passes.
CONTINOUS FLOW CENTRIFUGATION
uses filters to separate continuously and would require two arms for the procedure.
BY FILTRATION
PLATELETPHERESIS donor should have at platelet count of at least _____
150 x10/uL
Platelet unit taken from apheresis is known as the single donor platelet. It is equivalent to __-__ random platelet concentrate
6-10
75% of plateletpheresis products tested should contain a minimum of _____ platelets and the pH at the end of the storage period must be ____ or greater
3.0x 10 ; 6.2
Serum/plasma should be tested for total protein and serum electrophoresis or quantitative Ig
PLASMAPHERESIS
Granulocyte concentrate from leukapheresis are needed for patients who are severely neutropenic and have infections that are not responsive to antibiotics.
leukapheresis
is administered to acts as an RBC sedimenting agent to allow better separation and improved yield while minimizing RBC contamination.
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES)
increase the number of circulating granulocytes by release of the marginal pool and slow their departure from the intravascular space.
Corticosteroids (prednisone/ dexamethasone)
are growth factors that increases the number of granulocytes harvested
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor(G-CSF)
Standardized RBC mass collection (180 to 200 ml)
ERYTHROCYTAPHERESIS
May be used to increase the inventory of fresh frozen plasma of particular ABO groups such as type AB. Can be used to collect immune plasma from donors with increased concentrations of certain plasma immunoglobulins for patients who are immunosuppressed
PLASMAPHERESIS
Can be used to remove substance that exists in the blood that contributes to a disease process or its symptoms.
THERAPEUTIC CYTAPHERESIS AND THERAPEUTIC PLASMAPHERESIS
refers to removal of cellular components as a form of treatment or to alleviate the symptoms in the patient.
Therapeutic cytapheresis
refers to removal of plasma components
Therapeutic plasmapheresis
can be used to treat patients with abnormally elevated platelet counts such as in myeoloproliferative disorders.
Therapeutic thrombocytopheresis
can be a treatment to a patient with leukemia.
Leukopheresis
can be used to remove plasma factors such as immune complexes, autoantibodies,alloantibodies, antibodies causing hyperviscosity, inflammatory mediators, protein-bound toxins, excessive lipoproteins and platelet aggregating factors
Plasma exchange or plasmapheresis
In vitro crossmatch is most often performed; however, an _______ crossmatch can also be used especially if the patient is serologically incompatible with all or most of donor units.
in vivo
has emerged as an acceptable alternative to crossmatching blood.