week 10

• Viral Gastroenteritis

  Also referred to as "stomach flu" or "24 hour flu"
• Viral Gastroenteritis


  • Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, myalgia, headache, malaise, low grade fever
  • Can be fatal in an infant or young child
• Viral Gastroenteritis

  Caused by rotavirus
• Viral Gastroenteritis

  Self limiting sickness lasting 24 to 48 hours
• Viral Hepatitis


  Inflammation of the liver
• Causes of Viral Hepatitis

  Alcohol, drug, and viruses
• Viruses that cause Viral Hepatitis

  • HAV
  • HBV
  • HCV
  • HDV
  • HEV
• Hepatitis A (HAV)


  Fecal-oral transmission, affects children, caused by contaminated street foods
• Hepatitis B (HBV)


  Parenteral and sexually transmitted, affects any age
• Hepatitis C (HCV)


  Parenteral transmission in adults, blood borne
• Hepatitis D (HDV)


  Parenteral transmission in adults, blood borne
• Hepatitis E (HEV)


  Fecal-oral transmission, affects young adults
• Hepatitis B, C, and D can become chronic
• Hepatitis D can be prevented by giving Hepatitis B vaccine
• Acute, Febrile, Viral Respiratory Disease

  Can be caused by parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
• Acute, Febrile, Viral Respiratory Disease


  • Symptoms include fever, chills, headache, general aching, malaise, anorexia, and sometimes gastrointestinal diseases
  • May include rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, otitis media, sinusitis, and death
• Influenza (Flu)


  Acute, viral respiratory infection with fever, chills, headache, aches and pains throughout the body, sore throat, cough, nasal drainage
• Influenza Viruses

  • Influenza A - causes severe symptoms and is associated with pandemics and severe disease and more localized outbreaks
  • Influenza C - does not cause epidemics or significant disease
• Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)


  Primarily a disease of birds, but can cause human disease with symptoms ranging from influenza-like symptoms to eye infections, pneumonia, acute severe respiratory distress, and other severe and life-threatening complications
• Avian Influenza Viruses

  • Prominent subtypes are H5, H7, and H9
  • H5N1 is the most virulent strain
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)


  Viral respiratory illness with symptoms of high fever, chills, headache, general discomfort, body aches, and diarrhea
• SARS Pathogen

  SARS associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
• Anogenital Herpes Viral Infections (Genital Herpes)


  Herpes simplex infections characterized by a localized primary lesion, latency, and a tendency to localized recurrence
• Genital Herpes


  • Usually caused by HSV-2, but occasionally caused by HSV-1
  • Symptoms include itching, tingling, soreness, followed by small patch and then small group of small, painful blisters
• Genital Warts (Genital Papillomatosis, Condyloma Acuminatum)


  Grow rapidly and develop stalks, appearance of small cauliflowers
• Genital Warts Pathogen


  • Caused by HPVs of Papovaviridae family of DNA viruses (human wart virus)
  • HPV genotypes 16 and 18 are associated with cervical cancer
• HIV Infection and AIDS

  • Infection with the HIV virus, a single stranded RNA virus
  • AIDS is the late clinical stage of HIV, caused by the invasion and destruction of helper T cells leading to immunosuppression
• Infectious Mononucleosis


  Also called "mono" or the "kissing disease", an acute viral disease that may be asymptomatic or characterized by fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and fatigue
• Infectious Mononucleosis Pathogen

  Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as herpesvirus 4, is oncogenic (cancer causing)
• Mumps (Infectious Parotitis)


  Characterized by fever, swelling, and tenderness of the salivary glands, can also cause orchitis, oophoritis, meningitis, mastitis, and pericarditis
• Viral Hemorrhagic Diseases

  Considered extremely serious acute viral illnesses with sudden onset of fever and malaise
• Viral Hemorrhagic Diseases

  Includes Marburg virus infection and Ebola virus
• Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis


  A rodent-borne viral disease that presents as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis, with possible complications of deafness and neurological damage
• Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Pathogen


  Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a member of the family Arenaviridae
• Poliomyelitis (Polio, Infantile Paralysis)


  Causes a minor illness with fever, malaise, headache, nausea, and vomiting, and can lead to flaccid paralysis
• Poliomyelitis Pathogen


  Polioviruses, RNA viruses in the family Picornaviridae
• Rabies


  Fatal, acute viral encephalomyelitis of mammals with symptoms of mental depression, restlessness, headache, fever, malaise, paralysis, salivation, and spasms of throat muscles
• Rabies Pathogen


  Rabies virus, a bullet-shaped, enveloped RNA virus in the family Rhabdoviridae
• Viral Meningitis


  Also known as aseptic meningitis, a common but rarely serious condition with presence of mononuclear WBC, increased protein, normal glucose, and absence of bacteria
• Viral Encephalitis (Arthropod-borne Viral Encephalitis)

  • An acute inflammatory viral disease caused by arboviruses (viruses spread by arthropods)
  • In the US, the most frequent mosquito-borne infection is St. Louis encephalitis virus, and the West Nile virus took the top slot in 2002
  • In the Philippines, the dengue virus is a concern