CPHM COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

• Diphtheria- Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria.
• OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) • the extent of protection against polio is increased the earlier the OPV is given
• Poliomyelitis- caused by Polio virus
• Measles- caused by Measles virus
• Mumps- caused by Mumps virus
• German measles- caused by Rubella virus
• Meningitis- Caused by Haemophilus influenza
• Hepatitis B Vaccine -an early start of hep. B reduces the chance of acquiring hepatic CA.
• Tuberculosis- caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• BCG (Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin) • Given at the earliest possible protects against the possibility of infection from other family members.
• Cholera- Caused by Vibrio cholera
• Dysentery- Caused by Shigella dysenteriae
• Typhoid- Caused by Salmonella typhi
• Chemoprophylaxis • Administration of drugs to prevent occurrence of infection.
• Mechanical Prophylaxis • Placing mechanical barriers between the sources of agent and host such as use of mosquito nets, masks or gloves
• Handwashing • The most important procedure for preventing the transfer of microorganism
• Preventing Transmission

  Avoid direct contact with infected person or take preventerd measure

  Block th spread by wearing mask

  Use sterile medical equipment
• Controlling Microbial Reservoir

  Sanitation and Disinfection

  Sewage Treatment

  Food preservation

  Water treatment
• Minimizing Risk Before or Shortly after exposure

  Immunization or vaccination

  Cleaning and using antiseptic

  Prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents
• INFLUENZA – Highly communicable disease characterized by abrupt onset with fever which last 1 to 6 days, chilly sensation or chills, aches or pain in the back and limbs with prostrations. Respiratory symptoms include coryza, sore throat and cough.
• Influenza - In the Philippines, it ranks 6th in the leading cause of morbidity (DOH, 2014
• Influenza- Causative agent: Influenza virus A,B, C
• Influenza Mode of transmission: – By direct contact, through droplet infection, or by articles freshly soiled with discharge of nose and throat of infected person, airborne
• Signs and symptoms of Influenza

  • Fever, chills, headaches

  • Cough

  • Sore throat

  • Runny or stuffy nose
• Prevention and Control of Influenza

  • Observe proper personal hygiene

  • Increase your body’s resistance • Practice social distancing

  • Active immunization with influenza vaccine provided prevailing strain of virus matches antigenic component of vaccine.
• Treatment of Influenza

  • Self-limiting

  • Take antivirals drugs, if prescribed by a doctor
• “BIRD FLU” or AVIAN INFLUENZA

  It is an infectious disease of birds ranging from mild to severe form of illness.
• Bird Flu or Avian Influenza -Causative Agent: Influenza virus A (H5N1)
• “BIRD FLU” or AVIAN INFLUENZA Mode of Transmission • Thru inhalation of/or contamination with infected discharges of feces of infected bird/chicken
• Signs and Symptoms of Bird Flu:

  • Fever

  • Body weakness and muscle pain

  • Cough

  • Sore throat

  • May have difficulty in breathing in severe cases

  • Sore eyes and/or diarrhea in some persons
• Control Measure in Birds Flu:

  • Rapid destruction, proper disposal of carcasses and rigorous disinfection of farms

  • Restriction on the movement of live poultry.
• Preventive Measure in Human:

  • Wash hands thoroughly

  • Cook poultry produce thoroughly

  . • Yearly vaccination of poultry workers with regular of periodic direct contact with poultry.
• Treatment of Bird Flu:

  • Self-limiting

  • Antiviral drugs, such as osetalmivir, stop the progress of the illness if given within the first 2 days from the onset of fever
• SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) – It is a newly recognized form of a typical pneumonia that had been described in patient in Asia, North America and Europe. The earliest known cases were identified in Guangdong Province, China in November 2002
• SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)- Causative agent: SARS Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
• SARS Mode of Transmission: • Spread through close person-to-person contact (droplet spread)
• SARS SIGN AND ASYMPTOMS:

  Prodormal phase

  Respiratory phase
• Prodormal phase of SARS

  • Body temperature of more than 38 C sometimes with chill, malaise and headache

  • During this stage the infectivity is none or low
• Respiratory phase of SARS

  • Within 2 to 7 days the illness may proceed to this stage characterized by dry nonproductive cough with or without respiratory distress

  . • Common findings include hypoxia, dullness on percussion and decreased breath sounds on Physical examination

  . • Infectivity is highest during this phase.
• Prevention and Control of SARS

  • Establishment of triage

  • Identification of patients

  • Isolation of susceptible probable case

  • Tracing and monitoring of close contact