my science test

• The four major classes of nutrients are carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, and water.
• 7 food groups


  • carbohydrates -bread, polakos, pasta
  • protein -meat , fish, eggs
  • Fats butter, ava ado, oil
  • minerals fruit veg dairy products
  • vitamins - , fruit, veg
  • water - fruit juice,milk,tea-
• carbohydrates causes weight increase and energy
• Proteins


  Important for growth and repair
• Fats


  Stored as a reserve energy, supplies a layer under skin to provide insulation against cold, but can cause health issues
• Minerals


  Needed for red blood cells and calcium for bone
• small amounts are needed, e.g. vitamin C for repair of skin, vitamin D for taking up calcium
• Fibre


  Needed to keep the large intestine working
• Water


  Needed to stop a person from becoming dehydrated, found in fruit juice, milk, water, tea
• Certain foods are not necessarily bad for us, but eating too much of them could be
• Malnutrition can be can be caused by eating to much or eating to little
• Deficiency diseases


  • Scurvy
  • Rickets
  • Anaemia
  • Kwashiorkor
• Scurvy


  Caused by lack of vitamin C, symptoms include bleeding gums, fever and death, treated by eating citrus fruits like oranges, strawberries and carrots
• Rickets


  Caused by lack of vitamin D, symptoms include muscles and bones becoming soft, treated by eating fish, eggs and liver
• Anaemia


  Caused by lack of iron, symptoms include tiredness, lack of energy, shortness of breath and pale skin, treated by eating beans, pulses and spinach
• Kwashiorkor


  Caused by lack of protein, symptoms include swelling of ankles, feet and abdomen, dermatitis, treated by eating meat and fish
• Deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of one of the 7 food groups
• Physical digestion is the mechanical breakdown of food, chemical digestion is the breakdown of food by enzymes
• Digestion in the mouth

  Physical digestion + chemical digestion
• Digestion in the stomach

  Chemical digestion + physical digestion
• Digestion in the small intestine

  Chemical digestion
• Parts of the digestive system

  • mouth
  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • pancreas
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
  • appendix
  • anus
• Teeth


  • Incisors are used to bite, scrape and cut food
  • Canines are used to tear food
  • Molars are used to grind and crush food
• Enzymes are involved in the chemical digestion of food, breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules
• Amylase


  Breaks down starch into sugars
• Pepsin


  Breaks down proteins into amino acids
• Lipase


  Breaks down fats (lipids) into glycerol and fatty acids
• There are 100 brillion bacterias in your body
• Roles of bacteria in the digestive system

  • Break down foods the body cant digest
• Factors that affect bacteria in the gut

  • C Section-birth
  • Medication
  • Food
  • Nutrients/vitamins/minerals
• How we can encourage healthy gut bacteria

  • Eat more natural yogurt
  • Eat vegetables, pickled foods (Kobucha, pickled cucumbers)
• Regulate the immune system


  Protect against harmful invasive bacteria
• Produce short chain fatty acids

  Reduces inflammation which reduces risks of developing gut cancer
• Respiration process in living things

  Release the energy from food
• Main organs of breathing system

  • Diaphragms- muscular layer at the base of the chest cavity
  • Pressure-force an a ceckous area
• Breathing in


  1. Muscles contract, this pulls your ribcage up and out

  2. Your diaphragm contracts this makes it move down

  3. These changes cause the volume inside your chest to increase

  4. This decreases the pressure made your chest, and air is drawn into your lungs
• Breathing out


  1. Muscles relax, this makes your ribcage move down and inwards

  2. Your diaphragm relaxes. This makes it move up to its original position

  3. These changes cause the volume inside your chest to decrease

  4. This increases the pressure inside your chest, and air is pushed out of your lungs
• Oesophagus


  Contains rings of muscles
• Stomach


  Has an additional layer of skin
• Pancreas


  Contains exocrine glands that produce enzymes