Endemic outbreaks of cholera and typhus

• What medical facilities existed in Manchester before the Industrial Revolution?

  The Manchester Royal Infirmary, established in 1752, initially provided basic healthcare services but was ill-equipped to handle the growing population.
• What new medical problem emerged in Manchester during the 1780s?

  Typhus fever outbreaks were linked to industrialization and urbanization, leading to the expansion of medical services like home fever patient care at the Manchester Royal Infirmary.
• What epidemics affected Manchester during the 19th century?

  Cholera outbreaks in 1832 and 1849 led to emergency hospitals, blaming of the Irish community, and even riots due to perceived mistreatment by medical authorities.
• How did poor sanitation contribute to disease outbreaks in Manchester?

  The spread of diseases like cholera was exacerbated by poor sanitation, as highlighted by Doctor John Leigh's analysis linking high rates of infection to areas with inadequate sanitation.
• How did Manchester's mortality rates compare to the rest of the country during disease outbreaks?

  Manchester's death rate from disease was significantly higher than the national average, reaching 33 per 1,000 during the years 1849 to 1851, compared to 22 per 1,000 elsewhere.