TLE

• Mechanical Drafting


  A specific type of drafting that focuses on creating detailed drawings and plans for mechanical systems and components
• Masking tape


  Used for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing table or drawing board
• Pencil sharpener


  Pencil should be shortened whenever they show sign of dullness
• Types of eraser


  • Soft eraser - use for removing smudges and pencil marks
  • Harder eraser - is useful for making changes and correcting in the drawing
• Drawing pencil


  The most important tools in drawing, comes in various grades
• Types of drawing pencil

  • Hard pencils - used for extreme accuracy
  • Medium pencils - used for general purpose work in drawing
  • Soft pencils - useful for artwork of various kind
• Erasing shield


  Used to protect the rest of the drawing when clearing up smudges, unnecessary pencil lines and other erasures
• Types of T-square


  • Fixed head - fastened to the blade, used for ordinary work
  • Movable head or adjustable head - has one fixed and one adjustable head, used only for occasional drawing
  • Detachable head or removable head - designed for comfort when carrying the T-square
• Triangular scales


  Tool used to reproduce the measurement of an object in full size, reduced size, or enlarged size
• Triangle


  • Three sided ruler which typically has two equal sides meeting at a 90° angle into a third side at 45, 30 and 90 angles, used to draw vertical lines
• Compass


  Used when drawing arcs and circles, composed of one width the pen leg and the needle point leg being held together with handle
• Divider


  Used when transferring measurements, dividing lines and arcs into desired number of equal parts
• Protractor


  Used to determine gradations of the degree when measuring arcs, angles
• Drawing paper


  Hard and soft surface drawing papers are highly recommended to the best
• Items used to clean the dirt

  • Eraser
• Drawing pencil


  The most important tools in drawing it comes in various grades
• T-square

  • Used when making horizontal lines
  • Used for guiding triangles when drawing vertical lines
• Triangular scales


  A tool used to reproduce the measurement of an object in full size reduced size an enlarged size
• Triangle


  • A three sided ruler which typically has two equal sides meeting at a 90° angle into a third side at 45, 30 and 90 angles used to draw vertical lines
• Clean/Store Drafting Measuring Tools

  1. Inspect tools before using

  2. Clean thoroughly with damp cloth, wipe dry before storing

  3. Hang T-square by inserting hole on nail

  4. Do not abuse or misuse drawing instruments

  5. Hand tools carefully, avoid throwing

  6. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-square or triangles

  7. Oil movable parts of measuring tools

  8. Report defective tools and hazards to instructor
• English Units

  • Inches (in)
  • Feet (ft)
  • Pounds (lb)
  • Ounces (oz)
  • Gallons (gal)
  • Miles (mi)
• Metric Units

  • Centimeter (cm)
  • Meters (m)
  • kilograms (kg)
  • Grams (g)
  • Liter (L)
  • Kilometers (km)
• Importance of correct measurement when drawing a plan


  • Material efficiency - accurate measurement ensure that you order the right amount of material
  • Structural Integrity - Incorrect measurement can lead to poor fittings of materials
  • Cost and time effectiveness - precise measurements reduces the chances of do-overs and rework
• Millimeter (mm)


  Unit of length in metric system, with the value of 1 of each scale
• Protractor


  • Use in drawing that measure angles
  • The unit used in the value of angle is degree (°)
  • Also used to determine the shape of triangle
• Types of Triangle


  • Equilateral - 3 equal angles
  • Isosceles - 2 equal angles
  • Scalene - No equal angles
• Make sure that your measuring instrument has clear scales
• Measuring instrument


  • Has clear scales
  • Has guide on the value of each scale
• Using a measuring instrument


  1. Start at the 0 scale

  2. Check the right scale in your instrument

  3. Use the proper side of the required unit
• Make sure that your measuring instrument has clear scales
• Make sure that you have your guide on the value of each scale
• Always start at the 0 scale
• Check the right scale in your instrument if you are using the proper side of the required unit
• Four Kinds of Lines

  • Horizontal lines
  • Vertical Lines
  • Inclined Lines
  • Curved line
• Horizontal lines


  Drawn from left to right
• Vertical Lines


  Strokes are drawn downward
• Inclined Lines


  Known as diagonal line, are drawn from top to bottom but slanted
• Curved line


  Similar to letter C and no straight-line from start to endpoint of the line
• Kinds of Drawing


  • Freehand drawing
  • Mechanical Drawing
  • Artistic/Abstract Drawing
  • Technical Drawing
• Freehand drawing


  A drawing without the use of any drawing instrument except pencil