142

• Man-made Laws


  promulgated by man to regulate human relations (Civil Law, Commercial Law, Family Code)
• Classification of Man-made Laws


  International Law, Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, Political Law, Criminal Law
• International Law


  relations between and among states
• Constitutional Law


  relations between state and citizens
• Administrative Law


  rules governing the organization of the government and the competence needed to implement the law
• Political Law


  rules dealing with the operation of government and defines the relations of the state with the inhabitants
• Criminal Law


  trial and punishment for transgression of laws
• Private Law


  private relations - civil law, commercial law, procedural law
• CIvil Law


  organization of family and regulation of property, regulations relations for protection of private interests
• Commercial Law


  relationship of persons in trade, commerce, and businesses
• Procedural Law


  governs the enforcement of rights, remedial law
• Hierarchy of Laws


  1. Constitution

  2. Statutes/Legislations

  3. Administrative Issuances

  4. Local Ordinances

  5. Jurisprudence

  6. Procedures and Codes of Conduct
• Act XII Section 2


  All lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all forces of potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife, flora and fauna, and other natural resources are owned by the State.
• Regalian Doctrine


  all lands belong to the state
• Section 3


  Lands of the public domain are classified into agricultural, forest or timber, mineral lands, and national parks
• Who decides initial classification of land

  President (executive in nature), through secretary of DENR (NAMRIA)
• Re-Classification


  done through Congressional Act
• Public Dominion/Public Property


  intended for public use, belong to the state without being for public use and are intended for public service or development of national wealth
• Patrimonial Property


  all other property of the state that is not intended for public use or public service
• Private Property


  all property belonging to private persons individually or collectively
• Agricultural Land of the PH

  47%
• Forest Land in PH

  50%
• Unclassified Land in PH

  3%
• Total Land Area and Population of PH

  30M Hectares, 90+ Million
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)


  main agency involved in surveying and titling of public lands
• Land Management Bureau


  involved in issuance of policies on land disposition and management
• National Mapping and Resource Information Authority

  mapping, land classification, establishment of reference point
• Register of Deeds (RoD)

  Registers patents, CLOAs, CADT/C, registration of subsequent voluntary and involuntary transactions of registered lands
• Department of Agrarian Reforms (DAR)


  Implements Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
• National Commission of Indigenous People

  Resolves issues on ancestral lands and issues Certificate of Ancestral Titles/Claims
• The Courts (Judiciary)


  Hears and decides land registration cases (voluntary and cadastral proceedings)
• Local Government Units


  issues tax declarations, prepares tax maps, maintains tax assessment rolls, zoning ordinances, conversion of lands and other land management functions