Bio Mid-Term

• What is Abiogenesis?

  Life can form from non-living things
• What is Biogenesis?

  Life can only come from life
• Characteristicas and processes of life

  1. Living things are made of organized structers called cells
  2. living things reproduce
  3. Living things grow and develop
  4. Living things feed
  5. Living things respire
  6. Living things excrete their wastes
  7. Living things respond to their surroundings
  8. Living things move
  9. Living things control their internal conditions
  10. Living this are able to evolve
• What is the magnification of the ocular lense?

  10X
• Low power objective 4X

  Total magnification 40X
• Medium power objective 10X

  Total magnification 100X
• High power objective 40X

  Total magnification 400X
• What is a Prokaryotic cell?

  1. First cells to form on earth
  2. Very simple structers on small on size
  3. Do not contain a nucleus
  4. No membrane bound organelles
• What is the function of the flagella of a prokaryote?


  Flagella are for motility or movement of the cell
• What is the function of the Pili of a prokaryote?


  Pili allow the cells to stick to the surfaces and one another
• Prokaryotes Cell

  1. Oldest cell type
  2. Small and simple
  3. Lack nucleus
  4. Lack organelles
  5. Single-celled
  6. Single circular chromosome
• Eukaryotes Cell

  1. Evolved from prokaryotes
  2. Larger and more complex
  3. Contain Nucleus
  4. Contain organelles
  5. Single-celled or multicellular
  6. Multiple linear chromosomes
• What 3 statements make up the Cell Theory?

  1. All living things are made of cells
  2. All cells come from other cells
  3. Cells are the smallest component of life
• Who was Hooke?


  First to see and name cells
• Who was Scheleiden?


  All plants are made of cells
• Who was Schwann?


  All animals are made of cells
• Who was Virchow?


  All cells come from other cells
• what do Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes cells share?

  1. Have DNA
  2. Have ribosomes
  3. Have Cytoplasm
  4. Have Plasma
  5. Membrane
• What is the structer of the cell membrane?


  Composed of phosopholipid molecules.Arranged so the polar heads face the internals and external fluid enviroment. Fatty acid tails face towards each other and away from the fluids
• Hydrophobic?


  Fear of water
• Hydrophilic?


  Water loving
• What is diffusion?


  Diffusion is the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration
• What is Osmosis?


  Osmosis is the diffusion of water
• What is faciliated diffusion?


  Faciliated diffusion is the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration with the help of membrane protiens
• What is passive transport?


  Passive transport is the movement of particles across a concentration graident without the use of cellular energy
• 3 types of passive transport

  1. Diffusion
  2. Osmosis
  3. Faciliated diffusion
• What is active transport?


  Active transport is the movemnt of particles against the concentration gradient with the use os cellular energy
• 2 types of active transport

  1. Endocytosis
  2. Exocytosis
• What is Phagocytosis?


  Phagocytosis brings in solid chunks of food
• what is Pinocytosis?


  Pinocytosis brings liquid droplets inside of a cell
• What are Phagocytosis & Pinocytosis?


  Both are a type of endocytosis
• What are 2 main functions of the cell walls of plant cells?

  1. Support
  2. Protection
• why is it important for survival that the cell membrane is semi-permeable?


  A cell must allow materials into the cell that are needed and excrete materials as well but it must also be able to keep of foregin materials that may damage the cell
• what is meant by metabolism?


  The sum of all chemical reactions
• What is Prokaryote? 


  A prokarytoic cell is a simple cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound arganelles
• What is eukaryote?


  Eukaryotic cells are more complex and contain a membrane bound nucleus and organelles
• Name 4 stages of viral replication

  1. Attachment & entry
  2. Synthesis
  3. Assembly
  4. Lysis & Release
• Why could the lysogenic cycle be compared to a time bomb?


  During this cycle the virus remains dormant while still being copied during each cell divsion until something triggers it and it begins the lytic cycle
• Why arent viruses classified in any Kingdom?


  Viruses are not living things; only living things are classified
• What are 2 main parts of a virus?

  1. Protein coat
  2. Viral nucleic acid