CNF

• Literature


  When words are arranged in a certain form or order that conveys profound or universal to an individual reader
• Literature


  (according to Oxford Languages Dictionary) something that is printed or published somewhere
• Literature

  Books, writing, and articles published under a certain subject or topic
• Literature

  The intersection of artistic form or profound meaning when words are used to artfully create a certain way of thinking or feeling, emotion, or experience for the reader
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge: 'Literature is "the best words in the best order"'
• For writing to be considered literature


  • It must possess a certain kind of artistry of craft, that is not just utilitarian but brings a kind of pleasure and surprise to the reader
• Literature talks about ideas that are universally acknowledged and considered fascinating to humans such as love, war, death, faith, existence, and others
• Literature is an expression of mankind using our imagination and knowledge of language
• Literary Genres


  Forms or genres which come from the French word genre which means "to sort by kind"
• In the arts, words are sorted out in to forms or genres
• James Joyce: '"Poetry, even when apparently most fantastic, is always a revolt against artifice, a revolt, in a sense, against actuality."'
• Poetry is thought to be the oldest form of literature
• Poetry


  • Written in verse and consists of stanzas
  • The diction or word choice of a poem is very different from the diction of everyday conversation
  • Poetry elevates language by using an artful choice of words, syntax, and even punctuation, pauses, and silences in order to render a human experience using words
• Poetry (as defined by William Wordsworth)


  The spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility
• Elements of Poetry


  • Image
  • Poetic Diction
  • Poetic Voice
  • Sound
  • Figures of Speech
  • Meter
  • Symbols
• Image


  The picture that poem projects into our mind's eye and allows us to create a connection between contrasting moments
• Poetic Diction


  The word choices a poet makes in order to suit a poem
• Poetic Voice


  The tone or attitude of the narrator of the poem might have toward the subject of the poem
• Sound


  Usually heard in the rhythm and rhyme or the repetition of similar-sounding syllables in a poem
• Figures of Speech


  Also known as figurative language, they are ways we manipulate language between its literal and figurative meaning
• Meter


  The number of syllables or syllabic repetitions in each line of poetry
• Symbols


  An object that stands for an idea and become symbolic or representative of an idea when repeated often
• Romeo & Juliet


  Shakespeare creates a world of violence and generational conflict in which two young people fall in love and die because of that love
• Romeo and Juliet was first published as An Excellent Conceited Tragedie of Romeo and Juliet


  1597
• Drama


  The act of portraying fiction on a stage as a performance
• Drama


  • Usually symbolized by two masks which refer to the Greek drama's division between comedy and tragedy
  • Playwrights are either inspired by Thalia, the muse of comedy, or Melpomene, the muse of tragedy
• Types of drama


  • Opera
  • Musical drama
  • Melodrama
• Opera


  Story is told primarily through a song
• Musical drama


  Uses song, dance, and dialogue to move the story along
• Melodrama


  Uses incidental or background music to emphasize the dialogue
• Birth of Western dramatic tradition happened in the amphitheater


  Ancient Greece
• Famous ancient Greek playwrights


  • Sophocles
  • Euripides
  • Aeschylus
  • Aristophanes
• When the Romans took over Greece, the tradition and practice of the theater traveling acting groups was formed
• Stories from the Bible became popular during the Middle and Dark Ages in Europe
• Drama bloomed under Queen Elizabeth I and great playwrights William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe wrote during this period


  16th and 17th centuries in England
• Modern theater took a turn with the playwrights Henrik Ibsen and Bertolt Brecht, who used theater for political agendas. Music, dance, and costumes were incorporated


  19th century
• In the Philippines, drama began developing under Spanish colonial rule with the sarswela and komedya
• The Americans brought along a new form of stage show called Vaudeville
• Plot


  The narrative of the play or the sequence of events that is depicted in the play
• Plot


  • Should move the events from good to bad, or bad to good, and ultimately captures the moment of catharsis-the moment of purification that one has after experiencing a work of art